农地利用可持续集约化水平评估及其影响因素研究

Study on the assessment of sustainable intensification level of farmland use and its influencing factors

为探寻提高农地利用可持续集约化水平的路径,基于湖北省5区1市的416份农户调研数据,采用DEA-BCC模型测算农户的农地利用可持续集约化水平,并构建农户生计脆弱性、农地价值认知、农地流转影响农地利用可持续集约化水平的概念模型,采用结构方程模型(SEM)对数据进行拟合。结果表明:研究区农户的农地利用可持续集约化水平较低,转入户、转出户以及未流转户的平均水平分别为0.417、0.351、0.310。农户生计脆弱性对农地利用可持续集约化水平不具有直接效应,农地价值认知对农地利用可持续集约化水平具有正向直接效应。相对于生计脆弱性低的农户而言,生计脆弱性高的农户由于对农地具有依赖性,反而表现出较高的农地价值认知,进而间接正向影响农地利用可持续集约化,但仅依靠这种基于个人需求角度产生的农地价值认知并不能真正实现农地利用的可持续集约化。农地流转在农地价值认知与农地利用可持续集约化水平之间具有正向调节效应,促进了认知到行为的转化。研究建议:通过鼓励转入农地、完善农业生产补贴政策,降低缺乏农业资源的农户的生计脆弱性;通过完善社会保障制度、加强非农技能培训,降低生产能力较弱农户的生计脆弱性;完善农地流转价格评估体系,深化农地资产价值;加强农业技能培训,确保农地流转的有效性。

To explore ways to improve the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use,data collected from a survey of 416 farmers in five districts and one city in Hubei Province was analyzed.A DEA-BCC model was used to measure the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use and construct a conceptual model of farmers′livelihood vulnerability,farmland value cognition,and farmland transfer affecting the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use.Structural equation modeling was used to fit the data.The results showed that the sustainable intensification of farmland use by farmers in the study area was low,with the average levels of transfer-in households,transfer-out households,and non-transfer households being 0.417,0.351,and 0.310,respectively.The vulnerability of farmers′livelihoods has no direct effect on the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use,and farmland value cognition has a positive and direct effect on the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use.Compared to farmers with low livelihood vulnerability,farmers with high livelihood vulnerability show higher cognition of farmland value due to their dependence on farmland,which indirectly positively affects the sustainable intensification of farmland use.However,relying only on this cognition of farmland value based on the perspective of individual needs cannot truly realize the sustainable intensification of farmland utilization.Farmland transfer has a positive moderating effect on the cognition of farmland value and the level of sustainable intensification of farmland use,which improves the conversion rate from cognition to behavior.Based on this,the recommendations of the study are:(1)encourage transfer-in to farmland,improve agricultural production subsidy policies,and reduce the livelihood vulnerability of farmers lacking agricultural resources;(2)improve social security system,strengthen non-agricultural skills training,and reduce the livelihood vulnerability of farmers affected by weaker production capacity;(3)improve the farmland transfer price evaluation system,and increase the value of farmland assets;(4)strengthen agricultural skills training to ensure the effectiveness of farmland transfer.