黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演变及空间溢出效应——基于73个城市数据的分析

The spatio-temporal evolution and spatial spillover effect of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin:based on data from the 73 cities

黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演变及空间溢出效应研究,有利于优化旅游资源要素投入,推动黄河流域生态保护及高质量发展。基于超效率SBM模型测算2010—2019年黄河流域73个城市旅游生态效率,借助ArcGIS软件描绘时空演化轨迹,并构建空间杜宾模型揭示空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)黄河流域旅游生态效率时序上呈现先上升后下降的阶段性特征,空间上呈现“下游-中游-上游”阶梯式递减的异质性特征;(2)旅游生态效率分布具有明显的空间集聚与依赖特征,低水平同质化现象显著;(3)空间溢出效应显著,政府干预、市场规模对邻近城市旅游生态效率具有正向溢出效应,经济发展、产业结构、交通可达性对邻近城市旅游生态效率具有负向溢出效应。基于实证分析结果,提出制定差异化、互补性旅游发展策略,加强区域旅游战略合作,发挥邻近区域辐射带动作用,优化城市空间溢出效应的建议。

Studying the spatio-temporal evolution and the spatial spillover effect of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is conducive to optimizing the input of tourism resources and promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the area. This research estimates the tourism eco-efficiency of the 73 cities in the Yellow River Basin in 2010—2019 based on the unexpected output super-efficiency SBM model, maps their spatial and temporal evolution pattern by applying ArcGIS and reveals their spatial spillover effects by establishing a spatial Durbin model. The research shows:(1) temporally, the tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin shows prominent stage characteristics-fluctuating development trend of first rising and then falling, and there is a slight increase in total. Spatially, it shows the heterogeneity of stepwise decline of "downstream-midstream-upstream". The high-value areas are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, showing an expansion trend;the low-value areas are concentrated in the upper reaches, showing a shrinking trend.(2) The distribution of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin has the apparent characteristics of spatial agglomeration and dependence. The low-level homogeneous agglomeration is significant, showing the regional spatial distribution pattern of "the low-value areas are constantly low, and the high-value areas are constantly high".(3) The spatial spillover effect is significant. Government intervention and market scale have positive spillover effects on the adjacent cities′ tourism eco-efficiency, while economic development, industrial structure, and traffic accessibility have adverse spillover effects. Based on the empirical analysis results, we suggest formulating differentiated and complementary tourism development strategies, strengthening regional tourism strategic cooperation, playing the radiation driving role of adjacent regions, and optimizing urban spatial spillover effect, to provide a reference for regional tourism coordination and cooperation in the Yellow River Basin. The main academic contributions of this study are: firstly, measuring the tourism eco-efficiency of 73 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin based on the panel data, and analyzing time-space evolution and spatial agglomeration of the 73 cities, making up the shortfall of that most studies on tourism eco-efficiency focus on the whole country, provinces or the Yangtze River Delta, and pay insufficient attention to the Yellow River Basin, of which carries the important national strategy. This study also expanded the geographical scope of tourism eco-efficiency estimation to the watershed level with more natural integrity. Secondly, the spatial durbin model is used to analyze the spatial spillover effect of tourism eco-efficiency, expand the application of spatial spillover effect, and provide effective reference for regional tourism coordination and cooperation in the Yellow River Basin.