欠发达地区“倒U型”城乡收入差距的新型城镇化路径——基于贵州省的经验分析

The new urbanization path of"inverted U-shaped"urban-rural income gap in underdeveloped areas-Based on the practical test of Guizhou province

城镇化发展如何影响区域经济发展问题一直备受学界瞩目,尤其是当前发展不平衡不充分突出地表现为城乡差距,主要是城乡收入差距。选取贵州省2000~2021年的时间序列数据为基础,依据泰尔指数构建经济理论模型,对贵州省新型城镇化进程中城乡居民收入差距是否满足“倒U型”假说进行了实证分析。研究表明,(1)理论上“倒U型”假说的城乡收入差距拐点出现,但实际上欠发达地区城乡居民收入差距在总体趋势上虽不断缩小,但缩小幅度还不够明显且在某些时段存在波动,原因在于产业基础薄弱。(2)在剔除经济增长等控制变量因素情况下,城镇化与城乡居民收入差距之间符合“倒U型”假说特征,其中经济增长、资本密集度等指标有利于缩小城乡居民收入差距,而产业结构、教育差距等指标则拉大了城乡居民收入差距。在诊断城乡居民收入差距拉大的“症结”基础上,有必要加快推进山地特色新型城镇化建设。这就要求:(1)充分发挥以人为核心的新型城镇化对经济增长的驱动力;(2)持续增强县域产业支撑能力;(3)着力提升城乡居民人力资本投资的均等化。

How urbanization affects regional economic development has been attracting academic attention.In particular,the most prominent manifestation of the current unbalanced and inadequate development is the urban-rural gap,which is mainly manifested in the urban-rural income gap.This paper is based on the time series data of Guizhou province from 2000 to 2021.Based on Theil index,this paper constructs an economic theoretical model to empirically analyze whether the income gap between urban and rural residents meets the"inverted U"hypothesis in the process of new-type urbanization in Guizhou Province.The results show that:(1)In theory,the inflection point of urban-rural income gap in the"inverted U-shaped"hypothesis appears,but in reality,the income gap between urban and rural residents in the underdeveloped region of Guizhou Province has been further expanded,not reduced,because of the weak industrial base.(2)When economic growth and other control variables are excluded,the income gap between urbanization and urban and rural residents conforms to the characteristics of the"inverted U shape"hypothesis.Economic growth,capital intensity and other indicators are conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.Industrial structure,education level and other indicators have widened the income gap between urban and rural residents.On the basis of diagnosing the"crux"of the widening income gap between urban and rural residents,it is necessary to accelerate the construction of new urbanization with mountain characteristics.This requires,as follows.(1)Give full play to the people-centered new urbanization as the driving force for economic growth;(2)Continuously enhance the county industry support ability;(3)Strive to promote the equalization of human capital investment for urban and rural residents.