乡村振兴背景下农民参与环境治理的主体性问题研究——以贵州省为例

On the Subjectivity of Farmers in Participating in Environmental Governance under the Circumstances of Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Guizhou Province

乡村振兴要实现生态宜居的战略目标,需要充分发挥农民主体性作用,积极提高农民主体性地位。本研究以贵州省为例,通过问卷调查法和深度访谈法,重点剖析贵州乡村振兴战略实施过程中农民参与环境治理的主体性问题。具体来说,农民对村庄生态环境问题认知程度不太高,参与保护的意愿不够强烈,参与环境保护的行动能力还略为缺乏,其参与行动具有情绪化、任务性和从众性特点。其原因主要有政策实施中较少考虑农民的主体性作用;农民参与环境组织的能力还没有得到提升;激发农民参与环境治理的内在动力还存在一定的难度。本研究认为可以从政府部门搭建一个环境治理互动平台;正确处理好乡村发展中的人、机制和事物三者之间的关系;在乡村振兴战略实施的前期准备、中期实施、后期评估和可持续发展等阶段充分挖掘农民主体性表征等方面采取相应对策,发挥农民参与乡村环境治理的主体性作用。

In order to implement rural revitalization for the strategic goal of eco-friendliness for human residence,we must fully mobilize the farmers’subjective role and actively improve their subjective status.With Guizhou Province as an example,by means of questionnaires and deep interviews this paper lays its emphasis on analyzing the subjective issues related to the famers’participation in environmental governance in the implementing process of rural revitalization strategy.Specifically,it is found that the farmers are not well-informed of eco-environmental matters,not much keen on participation,and weak in the ability of concrete environmental protection action,and display the features of caprice,task-based willingness,and watching and following suit.The reasons are revealed as follows.First,our policy implementation takes a small portion of farmers’subjectivity into account.Second,the farmers’organizational ability in attending environmental governance is not qualified.Third,the inner dynamism mobilizing farmers’initiative in environmental governance has not come into being.It is believed that the government should set up a highly-interactive platform for environmental governance,the relationship between people,mechanisms and things must be properly handled,and the farmers’subjective roles must be grasped prior to,during and after the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and proper measures must be taken as to the problems concerned.