基于可持续运行的灌区水价制度风险与补偿机制

Risk and Compensation Mechanism of Irrigation Areas’Water Tariff System

灌区可持续运行包含多层次的治理逻辑,根据国内灌区水价制度历史沿革和典型灌区现代化管理经验,科学合理的水价制度是灌区可持续运行的重要保证。灌区水价制度在实施过程中存在以下风险:农作物灌溉需求价格弹性低、地下水替代灌溉的市场失灵风险,传统惯性、旱灾频发的水价政策失灵风险,农户水价承受能力、上下游农户用水不平衡等自身因素导致的风险。基于此,提出应建立水价风险补偿基金以应对市场失灵,通过“提价补贴”、加强监管应对政策失效,建立弹性的水价调节机制以应对农户自身因素导致的风险。

The sustainable operation of irrigation areas contains multi⁃level governance logic and multi⁃dimensional value demands.By analy⁃zing the domestic historical development of irrigation areas’water tariff system and the modern experience of typical irrigation areas,it is clear that water tariff has been playing roles in both costing recovery and regulating leverage in sustainable operation of irrigation areas.To achieve the goal of sustainable development,the corresponding water tariff system should be established.At the same time,the limited nature of the water tariff system should be recognized.Based on the objective reality,this paper analyzed three possible risks during the implementa⁃tion of the water tariff system in irrigation area,which included the risk of market failure based on traditional inertia,the risk of mechanism failure based on individual rationality and the risk of self⁃factor based on objective location in.This paper proposed to establish a water price risk compensation fund to cope with market failure,to implement“price increase subsidy”and strengthen regulation to cope with policy lap⁃ses,and to establish a flexible water price adjustment to cope with self⁃factored water price risk,in order to achieve the sustainable goal of the irrigation area.