炭角菌属次生代谢产物及药理活性研究进展

Advances on the Secondary Metabolites and Pharmacological Activities of Xylaria

炭角菌属是子囊菌门炭角菌科的一种药用真菌,广泛分布于温带、热带和亚热带地区。其性温、味微苦,具有提高机体免疫力、抗衰老、延长寿命等功效,对心悸失眠、镇惊安神及散瘀止血等有一定功效。除此之外,炭角菌具有丰富的次生代谢产物,且具有良好的生物活性,是药物开发的重要宝库。近5年从炭角菌中共发现了136种次生代谢产物,主要包括细胞松弛素、萜类、生物碱和聚酮类等化学成分,现代研究表明这些化合物具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和改善睡眠等作用。本文总结了近年来国内外有关炭角菌属次生代谢产物及生物活性研究进展,以期为炭角菌属的深入研究和合理开发利用提供科学依据。

Xylaria is a kind of medicinal fungi of Xylariaceae belonging to Ascomycota, which is widely distributed in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions. Xylaria is warm in nature and slightly bitter taste. It not only has the effects of improving immunity, anti-aging, and prolonging life, but also effects on heart palpitations, insomnia, calming nerves,dissipating blood stasis, and stopping bleeding. In addition, Xylaria has rich in secondary metabolites, most of which have good biological activity, and it is a treasure trove for drug development. In recent 5 years, 136 secondary metabolites were found from Xylaria, including cytochalasins, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketones, and so on. Modern studies have found that these compounds have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and improve sleeping effects. In this review, secondary metabolites and biological activity of Xylaria were investigated, aiming to provide comprehensive perspectives on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Xylaria as well as evidence for future studies on the application of the medicinal.