不同功能手机应用程序促进大学生体育锻炼的随机析因实验

A Randomized Factorial Experiment of Mobile Applications with Different Functions that Promote College Students'Physical Exercise

研究目的:为研发利于提高用户体育锻炼水平的智能手机应用程序(App)而探讨不同功能程序对用户体育锻炼的影响效应。研究方法:在8周内使用自主研发的手机应用程序MOVE2HAPPY基础功能版(具有自我监控功能、绩效反馈功能、信息推送功能)和实验功能版(与健康目标关联的运动建议功能、运动任务游戏化功能)进行干预,将124名大学生受试者随机分成4组,采用4臂析因实验考察不同功能对用户体育锻炼行为和心理指标的主效应与交互效应。结果表明:使用运动App可以有效提高用户体育锻炼行为水平(P<0.01);在App功能对用户持续体育锻炼行为影响方面,时间与运动建议交互效应显著(P<0.05);在App功能对用户体育锻炼意向影响方面,游戏化主效应显著(P<0.05);在App功能对用户使用次数影响方面,运动建议和游戏化功能的单独效应均为显著(P<0.01)。主要结论:包含常见功能的运动App可以有效提高用户的体育锻炼水平;运动任务游戏化功能更有利于吸引初期用户使用App,形成较高水平的体育锻炼意向;与健康目标关联的运动建议功能则在维持用户体育锻炼行为、增加用户后期使用App次数等方面更为有效。

OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is for the research and development of smart mobile applications(Apps)that are conducive to raise Apps users’physical exercise level.This paper discusses the effects of an App with different functions on users'physical exercise.METHODS:124 college students,randomly divided into 4 groups,used the independently developed App move2happy for 8 weeks,including the basic version(with self-monitoring,performance feedback,information push functions)and the test functional version(health goal-oriented exercise prescription function,and exercise task gamification function).Then,2x2 factorial experiment was done to investigate the main effects and the interactions of functional modules on users'exercise behavior and psychological metrics.RESULTS:Using mobile APPs can effectively raise the exercise level(P<0.01);The interaction between time and prescription was significant(P<0.05)on users'sustained exercise behavior;The main effect of gamification module is significant(P<0.05)on users'exercise intention;The individual effects of prescription and gamification were both significant(P<0.01)on the number of use times of App.CONCLUSIONS:Mobile APPs can effectively increase users'exercise level;The gamification module is more conducive to attract users of Apps at the initial stage and to establish exercise intention at a higher level;The heath goal-oriented exercise prescription module is more effective in maintaining users'exercise behavior and increasing times of App use in the subsequent stage.