高强度螺纹联接防松用传感器功能化弹性垫圈的研究

Study on sensor functional elastic washer for anti-loosening of high strength thread connection

针对建筑物或塔类结构用高强度螺纹联接松动或失效的故障诊断问题,设计了一种可动态监测螺纹联接预紧力的传感器功能化弹性垫圈。首先,对传感器功能化弹性垫圈进行工作原理的分析和结构设计。其次,通过ANSYS Workbench Static Structural仿真软件验证了所设计鞍形弹性垫圈凹处的变形量最大,并计算出该部位能承受的最大微应变为1.875×10^(-2),低于电阻应变片式传感器的最大微应变2×10^(-2),证明在该部位可集成电阻应变片式传感器。最后,加工了鞍形弹性垫圈并粘贴电阻应变片式传感器,对该传感器功能化弹性垫圈进行0~240000 N预紧力的加、卸载试验,试验所得预紧力-输出电压曲线呈线性关系,计算得到输出电压的最大回程误差为6.0%。试验结果验证了将所设计的传感器功能化弹性垫圈用于设备塔或建筑物螺栓防松现场监测的合理性和可行性,具有较广阔的工程应用前景。

Aiming at the fault diagnosis of looseness or failure of high-strength thread connection for buildings or towers,a sensor functional elastic washer which can dynamically monitor the preload of thread connection was designed.Firstly,the working principle analysis and structural design of the sensor functional elastic washer were carried out.Secondly,through the ANSYS Workbench Static Structural simulation software,it was verified that the deformation of the concave part of the designed saddle elastic washer was the largest,and the maximum micro strain that this part can bear is 1.875×10^(-2) ,less than the maximum micro strain of 2×10^(-2) of resistance strain gauge sensor.It was proved that resistance strain gauge sensor can be integrated in this part.Finally,the saddle elastic washer was processed and the resistance strain gauge sensors were pasted,and the loading and unloading test of 0~240 000 N preload were carried out.The preload-output voltage curve obtained from the experiment is linear,and the maximum return error calculated is 6.0 %.The experiment results verify the rationality and feasibility of using the designed sensor functional elastic washer for on-site monitoring of bolt looseness prevention of equipment tower or building,and it has a broad engineering application prospect.