最低工资与企业技术进步路径——技术引进还是自主创新

Minimum Wage and Technological Progress Path of Enterprises——Technology Introduction or Independent Innovation?

本文基于新古典分析框架,使用中国微观企业数据分析了最低工资变动对企业自主创新和技术引进两种技术进步方式的影响及其主要机制,研究发现为:(1)最低工资上升会导致企业技术进步路径偏向于自主创新,企业会有更多的自主创新,同时减少技术引进,不同方式的稳健性检验证明了这一结论稳健;(2)从机制分析看,企业技术进步路径偏向自主创新主要是因为自主创新有更好的劳动节约效应和要素结构优化效应;(3)从异质性分析看,劳动密集型企业和资本密集型企业受最低工资变动影响的技术进步路径偏向程度要明显大于技术密集型企业,国有企业相比于非国有企业有更强的自主创新偏向。本文研究结果说明最低工资制度与创新驱动发展具有内在逻辑一致性,不仅能增强企业技术进步动力,还会通过引导企业内部的技术进步资源再配置,强化企业自主创新。

Based on the neoclassical framework and data on Chinese enterprises, this paper analyzes the impact of minimum wage on the two modes of technological progress, independent innovation and technology introduction, and its main mechanisms. We find that:(1) generally, the rise of minimum wage will lead technological progress path of enterprises to bias towards independent innovation, means that enterprises will have more independent innovation and reduce technology introduction, This conclusion is proved to be robust by different tests;(2) From the perspective of mechanism analysis, why the technological progress path of enterprises is biased towards independent innovation is mainly because independent innovation has better labor saving effect and factor structure optimization effect;(3) From the perspective of heterogeneity analysis, labor-intensive enterprises and capital-intensive enterprises are significantly more inclined to technological progress path influenced by minimum wage change than technology-intensive enterprises;Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises have stronger independent innovation bias. The research results of this paper show that minimum wage policies and innovation-driven development have inherent logical consistency, which can not only enhance the power of technological progress of enterprises, but also strengthen independent innovation of enterprises by guiding the redistribution of technological progress resources within enterprises.