板栗坚果营养物质和抗氧化成分综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutrients and Antioxidant Components in Nuts of Chestnut

[目的]探讨抗氧化酶作为种质评价指标的可行性,完善板栗优良种质资源评价体系。[方法]在河北省燕山地区收集18份板栗(Castanea mollissima)种质,测定外观特征、营养物质及抗氧化成分(4种酶指标:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和3种非酶指标:总多酚、总黄酮和维生素C),并在有或无抗氧化酶时进行基于隶属函数-因子分析相结合的综合评价,筛选优良种质资源。[结果]18份板栗种质单果鲜质量TPZ的最大(12.51 g),QTC的最小(7.88 g),平均为9.65 g;含水量TPZ的最高(51.59%),LJT的最低(45.95%),平均为48.85%;淀粉含量LJT的最高(53.69%),JCY-1最低(38.28%),平均为46.81%;可溶性糖含量ZQ1的最高(11.62%),YHZ的最低(4.51%),平均为7.96%;SOD活性TPZ的最高(1310.42 U·g^(−1)),ZQ1的最低(717.40 U·g^(−1)),平均为1012.37 U·g^(−1);POD活性JIH的最高(5965.33 U·g^(−1)),JCY-3的最低(3009.33 U·g^(−1)),平均为4168.67 U·g^(−1)。[结论]根据有或无4种抗氧化酶,现有4份栽培品种综合得分排名都是:QX107>QL3113>QX3113>HHZ20。除3个良种外,ZJ2和ZQ1可作为候选优良种质深入挖掘;抗氧化指标SOD、POD、CAT和PPO可考虑作为板栗种质评价的指标。

[Objective]To explore the feasibility of antioxidant enzymes as germplasm evaluation indices of chestnut(Castanea mollissima)and improve the evaluation system of excellent germplasm resources.[Method]Eighteen chestnut germplasms were collected in the areas of Yanshan Mountains in Hebei Province.The appearance traits,nutrients and antioxidant components(including 4 enzymatic indexes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and 3 non-enzymatic indexes:total polyphenols,total flavonoids and vitamin C)were determined and the qualities of chestnut germplasms were evaluated through subordinate function and factor analysis(with or without antioxidant enzymes)to screen excellent germplasm resources.[Result]Among these germplasms,the average weight of single fruit was 9.65 g,the largest was TPZ(12.51 g),and the smallest was QTC(7.88 g);the average water content was 48.85%,the highest was TPZ(51.59%),and the lowest was LJT(45.95%);the average value of starch content was 46.81%,LJT was the highest(53.69%),and JCY-1 was the lowest(38.28%);the average value of soluble sugar content was 7.96%,ZQ1 was the highest(11.62%),and YHZ was the lowest(4.51%);the average value of SOD activity was 1012.37 U·g^(−1),the highest was TPZ(1310.42 U·g^(−1)),and the lowest was ZQ1(717.40 U·g^(−1));the average value of POD activity was 4168.67 U·g^(−1),JIH was the highest(5965.33 U·g^(−1)),and JCY-3 was the lowest(3009.33 U·g^(−1)).[Conclusion]Regardless of whether four antioxidant enzymes were used or not in the comprehensive evaluation ranking,the top one was QX107,followed by QL3113,QX3113,and HHZ20.In addition to the above three cultivars,ZJ2 and ZQ1 could be used as candidate elite germplasms for further test.The antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,CAT and PPO could be considered as the evaluation indices of chestnut germplasms in future.