基于激光视觉焊缝跟踪的空心叶片自动焊研究

Automatic Welding of Hollow Blade Based on Laser Vision Weld Tracking

针对自主核电空心叶片的手工电弧焊劳动强度大、焊接质量不稳定、生产效率低及成本高的问题,采用了一种激光视觉焊缝自主跟踪的自动化焊接方法。针对焊接多型号、大批量空心叶片激光示教焊缝跟踪不稳定、寻位不准确以及叶片焊接变形大的影响因素进行研究,修正了焊缝跟踪的激光视觉模型,优化了焊接程序和工艺参数,改进了激光器固定支架结构及工装设备。结果表明:自动焊激光视觉跟踪系统运行稳定,焊接空心叶片的生产效率提升44.5%,焊缝成形美观、可靠,更好地保证了产品质量,具有广阔的市场应用前景。

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity, unstable welding quality, low production efficiency and high cost in manual arc welding of hollow blade of autonomous nuclear power plant, an automatic welding method of laser vision welding seam tracking is adopted. The laser vision model of weld tracking was revised, the welding procedure and process parameters were optimized, and the structure and equipment of laser fixing bracket were deepened by studying the factors of unstable weld tracking, inaccurate locating and large deformation of blade welding. The results show that the automatic welding laser vision tracking system operates stably and the production efficiency of welding hollow blade is increased by44.5%. The weld seam is formed beautifully and reliably, which better ensures the product quality and has broad market application value.