特朗普时期美国情报工作政治化的深层原因与长远影响

The Underlying Causes and Long-Term Effects of the Politicization of the U.S. Intelligence Work in Trump Era

[研究目的]特朗普时代美国总统和情报体系的关系呈现为空前的价值对立,情报系统的前任官员通过自己掌握的情报服务于某个政客或某个政党,现任公务人员则通过秘密的、违法的方式表达对总统的不满和抗议。研究该现象有利于我们了解美国政治“极化”趋势和党派之争的细节,从而为情报和外交工作政策制定提供前瞻性的参考。[研究方法]通过对冷战结束之后美国情报体系从“政治正确”到“政治化”的发展脉络,揭示特朗普时代情报体系与总统之间权力斗争的来龙去脉,尤其注重客观公平地分析是非曲直,从政治学和国家安全学两个角度深入分析其原因。[研究结论]美国情报工作政治化不会随着特朗普本人退出政治舞台而结束,而是会长期存在于美国政坛。美国政治中两种截然不同的国家安全理念将会长期斗争。

[Research purpose] In the Trump era, the relationship between the American president and the intelligence system presents an unprecedented value opposition. The former officials of the intelligence system serve politician or political party through their own intelligence, while the current civil servants express their dissatisfaction and protest against the president through secret and illegal ways. Studying this phenomenon will help us understand the trend of political polarization and the details of partisan disputes in the United States, and thus provide reference for intelligence and foreign policy formulation. [Research method] Through the analysis of the development of the US intelligence system from "politically correct" to "politicization" after the end of the cold war, this article reveals the context of the power struggle between the intelligence system and the president in the trump era, especially analyzes the right and wrong of this matter in an objective and fair way, and explores the reasons in depth from the perspectives of both political science and national security. [Research conclusion] The politicization of US intelligence work will not end with Trump’s loss of power, but will exist in the US political arena for a long time. Two different national security concepts in American politics will struggle for a long time.