重整计划执行期间新生债务的性质探究

On the Nature of the New Debt during the Implementation of the Reorganization Plan

重整计划执行期间是重整程序制度价值落实的关键期间。现行《企业破产法》规定法院受理破产申请后发生的相关债务为共益债务,但学界对重整计划执行期间新生债务的性质认定存在较大争议,司法实践中存在共益债务或普通破产债权的不同裁判。重整计划是法律规范性与契约自治性交互影响的产物,重整计划执行期间虽不属于重整期间,但仍处于重整程序之中。基于债务人经营活动维系和民事相对人信赖利益保障的考虑,应当将新生债务认定为共益债务。此外,为消解因债务人道德风险所产生的负外部性,要综合运用民事撤销权、破产无效行为制度、重大财产处分行为制度,并强化信息披露义务。

The implementation period of the reorganization plan is the key to realize the value of the reorganization procedure system.The current “Enterprise Bankruptcy Law” stipulates that the relevant debts incurred after the court accepts the bankruptcy application are common benefits debts,but there are great disputes in the academic circles about the nature of the new debts during the implementation of the reorganization plan.In judicial practice,there are different judgments of common benefits debts or general bankruptcy claims.The reorganization plan is the product of the interaction of legal norm and contract autonomy.Although the implementation period of the reorganization plan does not belong to the reorganization period,it is still in the reorganization process.Based on the consideration of the maintaining the debtor’s business activities and protecting the civil counterpart’s trust interests,the new debt should be regarded as common benefits debt.In addition,in order to eliminate the negative externalities caused by the moral hazard of the debtors,we should comprehensively apply the civil revocation right,bankruptcy invalid act system and major property disposal act system,and strengthen the obligation of information disclosure.