惩罚根据阙如说下“法益恢复现象”的制度设计

On Institutional Design of the “Legal Interests Recovery Phenomenon” under the Lack of Basis for Punishment

“法益恢复现象”存在立法上缺乏统一规定、司法实践中判罚不一和理论上从宽依据众说纷纭等问题。关于“法益恢复现象”的体系地位,将其置于犯罪论和刑事责任论中的学说并不合理,应将其视为刑罚论的组成部分。在从宽依据上,应坚持惩罚根据阙如说,从报应主义和功利主义惩罚根据的缺失中探寻“法益恢复现象”从宽处罚的正当化依据。在制度设计上,应明确“法益恢复现象”的适用范围和适用条件,采取总则和分则相结合的二元立法模式,并为该现象设置不同梯度的刑罚处罚后果。

“Recovery of legal interests” refers to a phenomenon in which the perpetrator voluntarily implements effective acts to recover the legal interests infringed upon when the crime is completed.At present,there exist problems in this phenomenon,such as lack of unified regulations in legislation,inconsistent judgments in judicial practice,and different opinions on the theoretical basis for leniency.Regarding the system status of the “recovery of legal interests”,it is unreasonable to place it in the theory of crime and criminal responsibility,and it should be regarded as an integral part of the theory of punishment.On the basis of leniency,we should insist that the basis for punishment is absent,and explore the justification basis for the “phenomenon of recovery of legal interests” from the lack of the basis for punishment based on retributivism and utilitarianism.In terms of system design,the scope and conditions of application of the “recovery of legal interests” should be clarified,a dual legislative model combining general provisions and separate provisions should be adopted,and different gradients of penalty consequences should be set for this phenomenon.