力学超材料研究进展与减振降噪应用

Review on research progress of mechanical metamaterials and their applications in vibration and noise control

力学超材料是一类由人工微结构单元构筑的复合结构或复合材料,具有天然材料所不具备的静力学/动力学性能.由于这些超常特性通常取决于微结构单元而非材料组分,这就为力学性能调控和结构功能材料设计提供了新思路.本文在简述力学超材料概念的提出、发展及其超常力学性能的基础上,以装备减振降噪工程需求为牵引,重点探讨力学超材料在水声调控,空气声吸隔声降噪,结构减振抗冲设计等方面的应用探索及发展趋势,为相关领域的科研及工程人员提供一定参考.

Mechanical metamaterials are man-made composite structures or materials constructed from artificial microstructural units with extraordinary static/dynamic properties not found in natural materials. Since these properties mainly depend on the microstructural units rather than the material components, this provides new design schemes for functional materials that allow us to manipulate mechanical properties to a larger extent. This paper first gives a brief introduction to the history, development, and main categories of mechanical materials, followed by their extraordinary mechanical properties. Then we mainly review the research progress and future trends on applications of mechanical metamaterials in underwater sound control, air-borne sound absorption/insulation, structural vibration, and impact control. Last but not least, several types of novel mechanical metamaterials are introduced to provide some reference for scientific researchers and engineers in related fields.