宁夏旱直播水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收规律研究

Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice in Ningxia

以宁粳54号水稻品种为试验材料,研究不同施肥条件下宁夏旱直播水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收规律。结果表明,不同施肥条件下旱直播水稻中干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累量随生育期延长呈“S”形曲线变化。与CK(不施肥)比较,各施肥处理水稻产量显著提高,常规施肥和优化施肥处理水稻产量分别提高162.4%和179.7%,穗数、穗粒数均显著增加。优化施肥处理配施控释氮肥与常规施肥处理相比,在施肥量降低15%的条件下,水稻产量增加6.6%,肥料偏生产力和农学利用效率分别提高22.5%和27.5%。宁夏旱直播水稻施肥应该重视控释氮肥的合理施用,以促进水稻生育后期对养分的协同吸收,提高旱直播水稻绿色高效生产水平。

Using Ningjing No.54 rice variety as the material, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption regular pattern of Ningxia dry direct-seeding rice under different fertilization treatments were studied,which provided a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of dry direct-seeding rice cultivated. The results showed that the absorption and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients of rice basically showed an "S"-shaped curve with the extension of growth period. Compared with the non-fertilization treatment, the fertilization treatments significantly increased the rice yield. The conventional fertilization and optimized fertilization treatments increased the rice yield by 162.34% and 179.7%, respectively,and the number of spikes, number of grains per spike fertilization treatments all increased significantly.Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, under the condition of 15% reduction of fertilization, optimal fertilization treatment combined with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer made rice yield increased by 6.6%,fertilizer partial productivity and agronomic utilization efficiency increased by 22.5% and 27.5%, respectively. In Ningxia, reasonable application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer should be attached importance in dry direct-seeded rice fertilization, in order to promote coordinated absorption of nutrients in later stage of rice growth and improve level of green and efficient rice production.