灵武长枣日光温室小气候特征分析

Analysis of Microclimate in Facility ’Lingwuchangzao’ Solar Greenhouse

利用2018年12月至2019年4月灵武市观测站、大泉林场千亩设施园艺基地日光温室内温湿度自计仪、长枣生长发育时期数据,运用统计分析方法,分析设施灵武长枣温室内的小气候特征。研究表明:长枣在不同生育阶段的活动积温不同,整个生育期的活动积温为3 186.8℃。白天温室内气温呈单峰型变化,6:00—7:00气温最低,15:00达到最高值,随后缓慢下降,土壤温度随着土壤深度增加而下降,20 cm处土壤温度明显高于40cm处土壤温度。气温极值出现时间均早于土壤温度,土壤温度对气温变化的响应存在滞后效应。40 cm处土壤温度日变化波动幅度小于20 cm土壤,浅层土壤温度先于下层达到极值,存在一定的滞后性。日平均空气相对湿度较稳定,维持在50%~80%,温室内空气相对湿度日变化与温度日变化趋势相反。阴天时空气相对湿度和温度的日变化趋势与晴天时一致,但变幅不及晴天,日较差较小。生育期内温室内平均日照时间为7.5 h,冬至揭苫时间最短,冬至过后揭苫时长逐渐增加。

Using the temperature and humidity self meter in the solar greenhouse of Lingwu observation station and Daquan Forest Farm thousand mu facility gardening base from December 2018 to April 2019 and the data of the development period of long jujube, the microclimate characteristics of the greenhouse of’Lingwuchangzao’were analyzed by using statistical analysis methods. The results showed that active accumulated temperature of jujube in different stages of growth was different. The active accumulated temperature for the whole growth period was 3 186.8 ℃. The temperature in the shed changed in a single peak during the day, the lowest at6~7 a.m. and reaching the highest value at 15 p.m. then slowly decreasing. The soil temperature decreased with the depth increasing and the temperature of soil at 20 cm below ground was obviously higher than that of soil at 40 cm below ground. The extreme temperature appeared earlier than the soil temperature, the response of soil temperature to air temperature changes had a lag effect. Fluctuation amplitude of temperature soil at 40cm below ground was lower than that of soil at 20 cm below ground, and extreme value of shallow soil temperature appeared earlier than that of deep soil. The daily average air relative humidity was relatively stable,maintaining between 50% and 80%. The daily change trend of air relative humidity in the shed was opposite to that of temperature. The daily change trend of air relative humidity and temperature in cloudy days was consistent with that in sunny days, but the amplitude of change was less than that in sunny days, and the daily range was small. During the growth period, the average sunshine hours in the shed were 7.5 h, and the uncovered time will vary according to the solar terms. The uncovered in winter solstice is the shortest, and it will gradually increase after the winter solstice.