基于fsQCA方法的创业孵化基地高质量发展评价研究

High-quality Development Evaluation of Start-up Incubators Based on the fsQCA Method

新时代下我国经济发展由高速增长转为高质量发展,创业孵化基地作为大众创业的承载平台,其高质量发展可以发挥示范效应和带动作用。以江西省28家创业孵化基地为调查研究对象,运用线性加权平均法、TOPSIS法和功效系数法三者集成得到的综合评价得分作为fsQCA中发展质量的测量值,在组态视角下对创业孵化基地高质量发展进行评价。结果表明,服务内容主导型、品牌塑造主导型和服务能力—社会影响力主导型3条路径可以引致创业孵化基地高质量发展;创业孵化基地高质量发展具有多重并发性,不同影响因素的组合构型有互不冲突的完全等效性,遵循殊途同归原则;创业孵化基地高质量发展评价与非高质量发展评价之间具有因果非对称性。

Although China's entrepreneurial ecological environment is being further optimized,China's start-up incubators still suffer from a single mode of operation,low quality of service,serious homogenization,and unclear functional positioning.As a platform for mass entrepreneurship,the high-quality development of start-up incubators can play a demonstration effect and drive mechanism.In view of this,a scientific and objective evaluation of the high-quality development of start-up incubators is conducive to strengthening their dynamic management and improving the long-term management and operation mechanism..According to the social cognitive theory,the intentional characteristic of subjective motivation is the active commitment to future behavior.Resource commitment is a direct manifestation of the competitiveness of a business incubator and a signal to society of the high quality of resources.Resource commitment can reduce the perceived risk of uncertainty and provide more opportunities for later development,thus influencing the social perception of the incubator by entrepreneurs or start-ups when they choose to move into an incubator.The emotional trust built in the process of interaction and the sense of gain in the process of creator participation come from the basic resources provided by the platform organization and the social network resources derived and extended from the basic resources.According to the social cognitive theory,human activities are determined by the interaction of three factors:individual behavior,individual cognition and other individual characteristics,and the external environment in which the individual lives.Social evaluation is the result of social cognition and social emotion.These three influence and complement one other.The existing literature tends to evaluate start-up incubators only from the outcome dimension,and lacks scientificity,objectivity and comprehensiveness,and needs to evaluate their development quality of business incubation from both process and outcome aspects.Therefore,within the cognitive-attitudinal-behavioral theoretical framework,this paper explains the quality development of start-up incubators from three dimensions:social cognition,social emotion,and social evaluation from the perspective of dynamic logic..The existing research on the evaluation of the performance of incubators mostly adopt quantitative methods by constructing econometric models.However the"joint effect"of multiple factors tend to be ignored,and these methods cannot identify the interdependence,group equivalence and causality between conditions.Thus this paper selects the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the generative paths and influencing factors that generate high-quality development of business incubation bases from a group perspective..This paper takes 28 start-up incubators in Jiangxi Province as the research objects,and constructs an evaluation model of their development quality from three dimensions of business incubation bases'management construction,service capability and brand building.Then it uses the fsQCA method to analyze the combined effects of variables and explore the formation path of high-quality development of start-up incubators.Through the creative use of linear weighted average method,TOPSIS method and efficacy coefficient method,the combined evaluation score obtained by the integration of expectation value,posting progress and efficacy coefficient are used as the outcome measures of development quality in fsQCA,and the quality development of start-up incubators in the province is studied from the configuration perspective.The development quality of start-up incubators is evaluated by the combined synergistic effect among the factors.A more objective and comprehensive in-depth study of the development quality of business incubation bases is then conducted.From the configuration perspective,there are three paths to evaluate the high-quality development of the start-up incubators,service content-oriented,brand-building-oriented,service capacity-social influence-oriented.It is found that the high-quality development of start-up incubators has multiple concurrency,and the combination configuration of different influencing factors has complete non-conflict equivalence.There is causal and non-symmetry between high-quality development evaluation and non-highquality development evaluation in start-up incubators.This suggests that the start-up incubators should take market demand as the guide,and accurately clarify their development direction and functional positioning.With service capacity as the center,it is essential to form a consortium of in-depth integration of industry,academia and research,build a professional and networked service system,and accelerate the construction of entrepreneurial ecosystem.