距离阅读与文学量化研究的未来

Franco Moretti’s Distant Reading and Future Literature Quantitative Research

莫莱蒂从跨学科的视角,借用达尔文的进化“树”模型、沃勒斯坦的世界体系等理论为支撑,建构了自己的世界文学体系。将对文本之间、文本与社会空间和小说经典化的考察置于社会科学的定量研究、地理学图绘和进化论的系谱树中,使文学研究呈现出客观化和实证性倾向,挑战了现有的文学阅读与阐释范式。其世界文学体系和模型虽然因构想中对翻译和二手资料的依赖、个人偏见以及欧洲形象太过统一的呈现而招致种种批评和责难,遭遇不同层面的挑战,但他确实从世界出发,提供了进入“世界文学体系”的方法,为大数据时代文学研究提供了新的范式,显示出世界文学属性的“非凝定不变”的本质和动态生成的过程。

Franco Moretti builds up his own world literary system with Darwin’s evolutionary tree model and Wallerstein’s world system,including theories of core,semi-periphery,and periphery. The investigation of inter-text,text and social space,and the canonization of the novel into the quantitative methods of social science,the maps of geography,and the genealogy trees of evolution,present an objective and empirical paradigm for the study of world literature,challenging the existing patterns of literary reading and interpretation. Although his system of world literature faces different challenges,it does provide a way of entering the “world system” of literature,providing new ways for computational literary researches in the era of “big data”.