幼儿乐观品格培育理路

Reasons and Ways of the Cultivation of Children’s Character of Optimism

幼儿乐观品格是幼儿对事态抱有正向期待的能够积极面对困难与挑战的精神与行动。培养幼儿乐观品格,有助于幼儿取得成就、获得幸福、增厚德行。作为一种深入内心的积极心境,幼儿乐观品格由里及表的由乐观信念与意志、乐观认知与思维、乐观情绪与行为三层要素构成。基于幼儿年龄发展特点,幼儿乐观品格发展于“基阶”以守护幼儿纯质的乐观为目标,使幼儿适应于环境“;进阶”以培养幼儿理性的乐观为目标,使幼儿能应对问题“;高阶”以发展幼儿通达的乐观为目标,使幼儿可掌控自我内心。为培育幼儿乐观品格应坚持缺一不可、共同发力的三路一“道”:强化乐观行动力,培养幼儿积极投入的行为习惯;优化乐观解释力,发展幼儿正向认知的思维模式;深化乐观信念力,提高幼儿自信掌控的心理动能。

Children’s character of optimism refers to their positive attitude and action toward difficulties and challenges,which is conducive for them to achieve goals,gain happiness and acquire virtue.As a positive state of mind,children’s optimistic character is composed of three elements:optimistic belief and will,optimistic cognition and thinking,optimistic emotion and behavior.Based on the age characteristics of children,the development of children’s optimism in the basic stage aims to protect children’s pure optimism and make children adapt to the environment.The second stage takes cultivating children’s rational optimism as the goal,so that children can cope with the problems;In the higher stage,the goal is to develop rational and peaceful optimism in children,so that children can control their heart.In order to cultivate children’s optimistic character,three strategies should be adopted integrally:on behavioral level,cultivate children’s ability to actively engage in action;on cognitive level,cultivate children’s ability to attribute explanation positively;on the belief level,enhance children’s self-confidence and self-efficacy.