水肥互作对滴灌红枣产量、品质与土壤养分的影响

Effect of water-fertilizer interaction on yield,quality and soil nutrients of drip irrigated jujube

以成龄红枣为试验材料,设置2个灌溉水平(W1,6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2,6600 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和3个基肥水平(S1、S2、S3,生物有机肥施用量分别为1200、1650、2100 kg·hm^(-2)),以不施用生物有机肥的作为对照(W1CK,W2CK),共8个处理,开展田间试验。结果表明:同一灌溉水平下,随生物有机肥施用量的增加,红枣梢长、梢粗、叶绿素相对含量、果实形态,及0~150 cm土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮含量逐渐增加。在相同生物有机肥施用量下,随灌水量增加,0~150 cm土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮含量减少。与对照(CK)相比,W1和W2灌溉水平下施用生物有机肥处理的单株产量分别增加4.65%~19.83%和8.17%~19.08%。施加生物有机肥可提高红枣的总糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,降低总酸含量。各处理对比,W1S3处理的果实形态、单株产量和品质指标均不劣于W2CK处理。基于新疆干旱少雨的气候特点,在6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)的灌溉水平下配施2100 kg·hm^(-2)的生物有机肥,可替代当地常规灌溉施肥方案,较适宜于南疆干旱地区的红枣种植。

In the present study,the mature red jujube was used as experimental subject.Two irrigation levels(W1,6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2,6600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),three base fertilization levels(denoted as S1,S2 and S3,with bio-organic fertilizer application rates of 1200,1650,and 2100 kg·hm^(-2),respectively),were set,and the treatments without bio-organic fertilizer were set as controls(W1CK and W2CK)in the field experiment.It was shown that under the same irrigation level,with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application rates,the branch length and width,leaf chlorophyll content,fruit morphology,available potassium,available phosphorus,and ammonium nitrogen content in 0-150 cm soil increased.With the elevated irrigation level,the contents of available potassium,available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in 0-150 cm soil decreased.Compared with the control,the yield per plant increased by 4.65%-19.83%under W1,and increased by 8.17%-19.08%under W2.The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the contents of total sugar,soluble solids and vitamin C,and reduced the content of total acidity.The fruit morphology,yield per plant and quality indexes under W1S3 treatment were superior than those under W2CK treatment.Based on the climatic characteristics of aridity and low rainfall in Xinjiang,application of 2100 kg·hm^(-2) bio-organic fertilizer with an irrigation level of 6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2) could replace the local conventional irrigation fertilization management,which is more suitable for jujube cultivation in the arid area of southern Xinjiang.