制霉菌素口腔护理结合健康教育在预防重型肝炎患者口腔真菌感染中的作用

Effects of nystatin oral care combined with health education in preventing oral fungal infection in patients with severe hepatitis

目的探讨重型肝炎患者并发口腔真菌感染的危险因素和制霉菌素口腔护理结合精准健康教育对口腔真菌感染的预防作用。方法选取2018年2月至2020年2月郑州大学第一附属医院住院诊治的重型肝炎患者150例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各75例。观察组予以制霉菌素口腔护理结合精准健康教育干预,对照组予以常规口腔护理联合精准健康教育干预,比较干预后2组的口腔真菌感染发生率。结果干预后1、2、4周观察组口腔真菌感染率分别为2.67%(2/75)、4.00%(3/75)、8.00%(6/75),对照组分别为12.00%(9/75)、18.67%(14/75)、25.33%(19/75),2组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.81、8.03、8.11,均P<0.05)。干预后4周,观察组6例真菌感染患者中,均出现口腔黏膜白斑和咽部异物感5例,单纯出现口腔黏膜白斑1例;对照组19例真菌感染患者中,均出现口腔黏膜白斑和咽部异物感17例,单纯出现口腔黏膜白斑2例。结论制霉菌素口腔护理结合精准健康教育用于重型肝炎患者中能有效降低口腔真菌感染发生率。

Objective To explore the risk factors of oral fungal infection in patients with severe hepatitis,and the prevention role of nystatin oral care combined with precision health education on oral fungal infection.Methods A total of 150 patients with severe hepatitis who were hospitalized for diagnosis and treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2018 to February 2020 were selected as the research objects.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the observation group(given nystatin oral care combined with precision health education intervention)and the control group(given routine oral care combined with precision health education intervention),75 cases in each group.The incidence of oral fungal infections in the two groups after the intervention were compared.Results The fungal infection rate in the observation group at 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention were 2.67%(2/75),4.00%(3/75),8.00%(6/75),which were significantly lower than 12.00%(9/75),18.67%(14/75),25.33%(19/75)in the control group(χ^(2)=4.81,8.03,8.11,all P<0.05).Four weeks after the intervention,among the 6 patients with fungal infection in the observation group,there were 5 cases of oral leukoplakia and foreign body sensation in the pharynx,and 1 patient with oral leukoplakia;among the 19 patients with fungal infection in the control group,all had oral mucosal leukoplakia.There were 17 cases of leukoplakia and pharyngeal foreign body sensation,and 2 cases of oral leukoplakia.Conclusions Nystatin oral care combined with precision health education is of great significance in patients with severe hepatitis,and can effectively reduce the incidence of oral fungal infections.