权力的游戏:《叫魂》与《山东叛乱》比较研究

The Game of Thrones:A Comparative Study of Soulstealers and Shantung Rebellion

《叫魂》和《山东叛乱》集中体现了孔飞力、韩书瑞的“中国中心论”的研究思路。前者通过1768年“叫魂”妖术恐慌,揭示中华帝国的权力运作,后者通过1774年王伦起义,揭示乾隆朝民间宗教与农民叛乱的关系。前者分析“叫魂”妖术恐慌的传播机制,倚重因果律,使用了政治学、经济学、社会学、文化学、传播学、心理学等学科的研究方法,后者探究王伦起义动机,反用因果律,使用了政治学、宗教学、社会学、心理学等学科的研究方法。两书巧用清宫档案和地方志书中的一手资料,做到了谨严性与趣味性的统一。两书均采用全知视角,前者的叙述者冷峻犀利,后者的叙述者“慈悲”为怀。在中国传统社会扮演重要角色的士绅,在两书中却看不到他们的实质性影响,这不能不说是个遗憾。

Philip A.Kuhn's Soulstealers:The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768 and Susan NaquinJs Shantung Rebellion:The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774 embody the two scholars'China-centered approach in research.The former reveals the power operation of the Chinese Empire through analyzing the sorcery scare of 1768,while the latter investigates the relationship between Chinese folk religion and peasant rebellion through examining the Wang Lun uprising in 1774.The former analyzes the spreading mechanism of the sorcery panic using the law of causality and the research methods o£poEtics,economics,sociology,culture,communication,psychology,etc.,while the latter reverses the law o£causality to study Wang Lun's motives,borrowing methods from politics,religion,sociology and psychology.Both skillfiilly use first-hand materials from archives of the Qing court and from local chronicle with both rigor and fun.Both adopt the omniscient perspective,though the former^narrator is forbidding and sharp and the latter,s is benevolent.It is a pity that the influence of the gentry,important in traditional Chinese society,is neglected in these two works.