绿色专利保护的法律边界问题研究——基于《民法典》第一百二十三条和第一千一百八十五条的分析

On the Legal Boundary of Green Patent Protection:An Analysis Based on Article 123 and Article 1185 of the Civil Code

《民法典》第一百二十三条和第一千一百八十五条为绿色专利的保护与救济同时提供了财产规则与责任规则两种基本方式,理论上认为两种规则的综合运用能够有效引导效率协议达成。然而,《民法典》浓厚的私权保护倾向,决定了绿色专利保护的规则选择可能被擅长规避者所利用,成为滋生权利扩张的土壤。绿色专利的制度逻辑具有强烈的公共政治色彩,立法既然在规则选择上给了绿色专利权利扩张的可能,司法就需要积极承担起限缩的特别义务:考虑到绿色专利保护所追求的效率,依赖于环境保护目标的达成与否,可以对不同规则选择下的救济措施加以调整,合理厘定绿色专利的保护边界,谨防财产规则与责任规则下的私权扩张风险。

The Civil Code provides two basic protection and relief methods for intellectual property,that is,property rules and liability rules,and theoretically the coordination of the two can arrive at an efficiency agreement.However,the Civil Code’s inclination to protect private rights makes the rules accessible to those who are good at circumvention and changes them to a field of rights expansion.The system logic of green patents is heavily colored by public politics,and since legislation allows for the expansion of green patent rights,the judiciary needs to undertake the special obligation of restricting it.Because the efficiency pursued by green patent protection depends on the accomplishment of environmental protection,the relief measures under different rules should be adjusted and the protection boundary of green patents should be reasonably determined to avoid the risk of private rights expansion under property rules and liability rules.