入侵植物凤眼莲的生态防控与利用现状

Progress on Eco-prevention and Control and Utilization of the Invasive Plant Eichhornia Crassipes

凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)俗称水葫芦,属中国十大最有害的外来入侵物种之一,但也是富集水体氮磷能力最强的水生植物之一,可以有效治理水体内源污染。本文介绍了入侵植物凤眼莲的生态学特征、水质净化和污染物去除效果,综述了凤眼莲的生态管理对策,包括物理去除、化学防治、生物防治和综合防治。加强生态防控,并在可控条件下实现综合利用,被认为是科学防治入侵植物凤眼莲的可行策略。

Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as water hyacinth, is one of the ten most harmful alien invasive species in China. However, it is one of the aquatic plants with the strongest ability to enrich nitrogen and phosphorus in water, which can effectively control internal water pollution. This paper introduced the ecological characteristics, water purification and pollution removal effects of the invasive plant E. crassipes, and summarized its ecological management strategies including physical removal, chemical control, biological control and comprehensive control. Strengthening ecological prevention and control, and realizing comprehensive utilization under controllable conditions are proposed as feasible strategies for scientific control of the invasive plant E. crassipes.