固体氧化物燃料电池电解质及导电机理综述

Review on Electrolyte Materials and Conductive Mechanisms of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有能量转化率高、清洁环保等优点,显现出良好的发展前景。高温下(800~1000℃)SOFC燃料选择灵活,但材料性能衰减快、电池运行成本高,目前低温化应用(300~600℃)是SOFC的主要发展方向。电解质材料是SOFC的核心部件,探索高性能电解质材料及研究其导电机理将显得尤为重要。本文针对氧离子传导型、质子传导型和复合型电解质材料的研究进展进行综述,介绍了典型材料的特点和电导率,总结了三种类型电解质的导电机理。研究发现低温化进程面临的主要问题是电解质电阻随温度降低而增加,导致电导率的降低;另外电解质离子导电机理未完全揭示。未来的研究重点应侧重于低温SOFC所需的质子导体及质子基复合电解质的导电机理。

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)has been identified as one of the most promising devices for high energy conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution.At the high temperature(800~1000℃),the fuel choices of SOFC is flexible.However,the material performance is fastly declined and the battery cost is high.Therefore,the low temperature application(300~600℃)is the main development direction of SOFC.The key to the development of SOFC is the electrolyte materials and it is important to study the conduction mechanisms.This review summarizes the recent research progress in electrolyte materials of oxygen ionic conduction,proton conduction,and composite conduction.The characteristics and conductivities of some related materials are introduced,and conductive mechanisms of three types of electrolytes are also summarized.The main problem in the process of lowering service temperature is that the increase of electrolyte resistance with the decrease of temperature,resulting in the decrease in electrical conductivity.In addition,the ionic conductive mechanisms of electrolytes have not been fully revealed.In the future,the research should be focused on the conductive mechanisms of proton-based electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells at the low temperature.