液氢储运容器用低温材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Cryogenic Materials for Liquid Hydrogen Storage and Transportation Vessels

阐述了液氢储运容器常用的低温材料的特点和优势,主要包括奥氏体不锈钢、铝合金和钛合金。总结了这些低温材料的力学性能随温度的变化规律。三种金属材料在低温下的屈服强度与抗拉强度明显优于室温,特别是在液氢温区的强度显著提高,但其塑性随温度的变化趋势并不一致。奥氏体不锈钢的塑性随温度降低而下降,而大部分铝合金的塑性随温度的降低而升高,部分钛合金在低温下能够保持与室温相当高的塑性,降低钛合金中C、H、O和N等间隙元素的含量能够显著提高其低温力学性能。

This paper reviews the characteristics and advantages of the common cryogenic materials for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation vessels,which mainly consist of austenitic stainless steel,aluminium alloy,and titanium alloy.It also summarizes the change rules of mechanical properties with the test temperature.The yield strength and tensile strength of these three alloys at cryogenic temperatures are significantly superior to those at room temperature.Especially,the three types alloy have extremely high strength at liquid hydrogen temperature,whereas there are differences among the change tendencies of the plasticity of these alloys with decreasing temperature.The plasticity of austenitic stainless steel decreases with the decrease of temperature,while most aluminium alloys shows a growing tendency with decreasing temperature.Several titanium alloys can remain sufficiently high plasticity as well as that at room temperature.Reducing the interstitial impurities such C,H,O,and N tends to significantly improve the low-temperature mechanical properties.