马克思恩格斯对费尔巴哈人本主义的批判继承和超越

Marx and Engels’ Critical Inheritance and Transcendency of Feuerbach’s Humanism

马克思恩格斯对费尔巴哈人本主义的批判包括对其宗教哲学、伦理学以及抽象人性论的批判,他们在批判中并没有完全否定费尔巴哈人本主义的价值取向,而是批评他将这些价值取向建立在抽象人性论的基础之上。费尔巴哈人本主义作为历史观是错误的,但其重视人、肯定人的价值优先性以及关注人的本质力量对象化的价值取向则具有积极的意义。费尔巴哈人本主义价值取向特别是其肯定人的价值优先性和对人的类本质的理解以及对人的本质力量对象化的倡导,曾对马克思恩格斯产生过正面的影响,为他们所批判继承和超越。

Marx and Engels’ critique of Feuerbach’s humanism includes the critique of his philosophy of religion,ethics,and abstract theory of human nature.They do not completely reject the value orientation of Feuerbach’s humanism,but criticize him for basing it on the abstract theory of human nature.While Feuerbach’s humanism as the perspective of history is wrong,its value orientations of valuing human beings,affirming their value priority,and focusing on the objectification of their essential power are positive.The value orientation of Feuerbach’s humanism,especially its affirmation of the priority of human values and understanding of the species-being of humans,and its advocacy of the objectification of the essential power of humans,has a positive influence on Marx and Engels and is critically inherited and transcended by them.