广州市社区老年人慢性病共病与营养状况相关性研究

Study on the relationship between multimorbidity and nutritional status among the community-dwelling elderly people in Guangzhou

目的探索广州市社区老年人慢性病共病与营养状况相关性及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,选择广州市某社区卫生服务中心参加2019年度健康体检的2127名65岁及以上老年人为研究对象。营养状况包括营养不良和超重/肥胖。采用Spearman相关分析研究慢性病共病现状、营养状况的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析研究老年人营养状况的影响因素。结果老年人慢性病共病患病率为38.08%(810/2127),营养不良患病率为10.81%(230/2127),超重/肥胖率为46.26%(984/2127)。老年人慢性病共病与超重/肥胖存在正相关关系(r=0.144,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄每增加5岁,患营养不良的风险增加(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.205~1.555),超重/肥胖的风险降低(OR=0.885,95%CI:0.813~0.965)。未婚、离婚和丧偶是老年人营养不良的危险因素(OR=1.791,95%CI:1.164~2.754)。吸烟是老年人超重/肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.408~0.764)。在校正一般资料及健康相关因素后,缺齿的老年人营养不良发生风险是不缺齿的1.337倍,慢性病共病的老年人超重/肥胖发生风险是未患共病的1.849倍。结论广州市社区老年人慢性病共病、营养不良、超重/肥胖检出率较高。缺齿与营养不良之间,共病与超重/肥胖之间存在关联。

Objective To explore the relationship between multimorbidity and nutritional status,as well as its influence factors among community-dwelling elderly people in Guangzhou.Methods A total of 2127 residents aged≥65 years who participated in a physical examination in the community health service centre in Guangzhou from January to December 2019 were selected as subjects.Nutritional status included malnutrition and overweight/obesity.The Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between multimorbidity and nutritional status.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influence factors of nutritional status among elderly people.Results The prevalence of multimorbidity,malnutrition and overweight/obesity was 38.08%(810/2127),10.81%(230/2127)and 46.26%(984/2127),respectively.There was a positive correlation between multimorbidity and overweight/obesity among elderly people(r=0.144,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that per 5 years of age increasing,the risk of malnutrition increased(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.205-1.555),whereas the risk of overweight/obese decreased(OR=0.885,95%CI:0.813-0.965).Meanwhile,unmarried,divorced and widowed were risk factors for malnutrition(OR=1.791,95%CI:1.164-2.754).In addition,smoking was a protective factor against overweight or obesity(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.408-0.764).After adjusting the general data and health related factors,the risk of malnutrition in the elderly with missing teeth was 1.337 times as that without missing teeth,and the risk of overweight/obesity in the elderly with multimorbidity was 1.849 times as that without multimorbidity.Conclusion The prevalence of multimorbidity,malnutrition and overweight/obesity are high among community-dwelling elderly people in Guangzhou.There is an association between tooth loss and malnutrition,as well as between multimorbidity and overweight/obesity.