豫西某钼矿尾矿库土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

Heavy Metals Pollution Characteristic and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil in a Molybdenum Mine Tailings Pond in Western Henan

为了解豫西某钼矿尾矿库区域土壤重金属污染程度,评估研究区域土壤的潜在生态风险,于2022年3月针对研究区域12个采样点进行土壤取样,对土样中Mo、W、As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd等10种重金属污染物实施监测,采用SPSS25.0软件对土壤样品的检测值进行统计分析,并采用潜在生态风险评价模型进行生态风险分析.结果表明:某钼矿尾矿库区域土壤所监测的10种污染物均达到土壤环境质量标准中相关标准;污染物的潜在生态风险危害指数大小关系为:Cd>Mo>Hg>Pb>As>Cu>W>Ni>Zn>Cr,存在轻微—中等—强—很强—极强的生态危害,所研究不同监测点的多种重金属潜在生态风险指数RI值分布范围为73.6~1599.0,中等生态危害、强生态危害、很强生态危害的采样点分别占36.4%、27.3%和27.3%;所研究钼矿尾矿库区有一定的潜在生态风险.本研究为区域土壤全面管理和生态环境建设提供科学理论和技术支撑.

In order to study pollution and assess potential ecological risk of soil in a molybdenum mine tailings pond and its surrounding areas in western Henan Province,soil samples were collected from 12 sampling sites in March 2022.The pollutants(Mo、W、As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd)concentrations were monitored from the samples.Based on the SPSS25.0 software and the potential ecological risk assessment,the study on pollution level,potential ecological risk were carried out.The result showed that the main contribution of every pollution of soil in molybdenum mine tailings pond and its surrounding areas was accord with the corresponding soil environmental quality standards.The order of polluting degree of these heavy metals in soil is Cd>Mo>Hg>Pb>As>Cu>W>Ni>Zn>Cr.The assessment results of ecological risk revealed that the heavy metals pollutions of soil in mining area exist light-moderate-strong-serious-extreme potential ecological risk.The potential ecological risk index(RI)is ranged from 73.6 to 1599.0,and 36.4%of the sampling sites were in moderate ecological risk,while 27.3%of the sampling sites were in strong ecological risk,the same as serious ecological risk.It is proposed that heavy metals in molybdenum mine tailings pond in western Henan Province have presented certain degree ecological risks.This study might provide scientific theory and technical support for the comprehensive management of regional soil and the construction of ecological environment.