中国古代图书馆的历史分期及其动因

Historical Stages of Ancient Chinese Libraries and Their Motivations

文化记忆理论认为人类的记忆机制经历了由“仪式一致性”向“文本一致性”的过渡。图书馆是人类记忆机制之一,在古代中国这一变革萌芽于西周,经春秋战国而最终完成。以最终完成为时间节点,可将中国古代图书馆分为两个时期:“仪式记忆时期”与“文献记忆时期”。从文化记忆理论来看,推动中国古代图书馆阶段性发展的根本动因是春秋战国前后社会文化形态的变迁,包括文化回忆模式与记忆机制两方面的转变。

The theory of cultural memory holds that the human memory mechanism has transited from"ritual consistency"to"text consistency".The library is one of the mechanisms of human memory.This reform was initiated in the Western Zhou Dynasty and finally completed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in ancient China.Taking this as the time node,ancient Chinese libraries can be divided into two periods:the"ritual memory period"and the"document memory period".From the perspective of cultural memory theory,the fundamental driving force for this was the change in social and cultural patterns around the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period,including the shift in both cultural memory mode and memory mechanisms.