“以辨考正记忆”——中国传统书目对社会记忆的建构功能

"To Identify and Correct the Memory":The Constructive Function of Chinese Traditional Bibliography on Social Memory

目录学之“本”在于“辨章学术,考镜源流”,即揭示学术源流。然而,书目“辨考”功夫所揭示的并不是现实意义上的学术源流,而是书目主体所建构的正统学术秩序。书目主体在建构这种正统学术秩序的过程中,以“正源(‘道’)”为尺度来审视和筛选天下文献,并将符合“正源”的文献按其与“正源”的离合亲疏关系进行梳理和排序,从而形成有机的序化体系。而书目在对文献进行筛选和序化的同时,也实现了对社会记忆内容的筛选和序化。也就是说,书目在以“正道”为价值取向匡正文献秩序的同时,也匡正了社会记忆。

The essence of a bibliography is to reveal the academic origin.However,what the bibliography reveals is not the academic origin in the practical sense,but the orthodox academic order constructed by the bibliographic subject.In the process of constructing this orthodox academic order,the bibliographic subject examines and screens the literature with the“orthodox source(‘Dao’)”as the yardstick,and sorts out the literature that conforms to the“orthodox source”according to its close relationship with the“orthodox source”,thus forming an organic ordering system.And while the bibliography sifts and sequences documents,it also achieves the sifting and sequencing of social memory content.That is to say,the bibliography corrects the literature order with the value orientation of"the orthodox way",and at the same time,it also corrects the social memory.