我国环境影响评价制度实践与展望——环评法20周年回顾

Research on the practice and future development of China’s environmental impact assessment system:a review of the 20th anniversary of EIA Law

环境影响评价(简称环评)制度具有从源头防止环境污染和生态破坏的重要作用,是环境保护参与综合决策的重要途径。2003年《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》(简称环评法)的实施确立了环评这一环境管理制度的法律地位,是我国环评制度发展的里程碑。在环评法实施的20年间,从项目环评到规划环评,再到大区域战略环评与政策环评,我国环评制度实现了飞跃性发展。基于环评制度的研究与实践进展识别现存不足,可为我国下阶段环评制度发展提供参考。本文首先回顾环评制度体系发展,其次基于文献计量与可视化分析的方法,对环评法实施20年来我国环评制度研究进展进行总结与热点分析,结合分析结果梳理总结我国环评制度实践进展。建议未来从深入环评与排污许可制度衔接、加强事中事后监管、提高规划环评地位、加强政策环评发展和提高公众参与有效性等方面,进一步提高我国环评制度实施的有效性,助力我国生态环境质量持续改善和经济高质量发展。

Environmental impact assessment(EIA)system plays an important role in preventing environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source and is an important way for environmental protection to participate in comprehensive decision-making.The implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2003 established the legal status of EIA as an environmental management system,which is a milestone in the development of China’s EIA system.In the twenty years since the EIA Law was implemented,China’s EIA system has achieved rapid development from project EIA to planning EIA,and then to large regional strategic EIA and policy EIA.Based on the research and practice progress of the EIA system,the identification of the existing deficiencies is helpful to provide a reference for the development of China’s EIA system in the next stage.Firstly,the development of the EIA system was reviewed,and then the research progress of China’s EIA system in the past 20 years was summarized and hot spots analyzed based on the method of bibliometrics and visual analysis.Combined with the analysis results,the practice progress of China’s EIA system was summarized.Finally,some suggestions were provided including strengthening the cohesion between the EIA system and the pollutant discharge permit system,strengthening the supervision in process and afterwards,improving the legal position of planning EIA,strengthening the development of policy EIA and improving the effectiveness of public participation,to further improve the effectiveness of China’s EIA system,and achieve sustainable improvement of ecological environment quality and high-quality economic development.