中国环评制度有效性评估指标的思考

Thoughts on the evaluation indicators of effectiveness of environmental impact assessment system in China

中国环评制度备受关注,亦饱受争议。如何客观看待一项制度,其有效性是重要的判定依据。环评有效性体现在制度建设、制度执行和发挥效力全过程,具有多个维度的内涵。围绕经济、社会、环境可持续发展目标,从制度有效性、程序有效性、实质有效性和认知有效性4个维度,按照“制度基础→实践过程→发挥作用→社会认知”逻辑,探索构建了中国环评制度有效性评估框架,并结合中国环评制度设计和运行模式,提出了一套科学、适用,兼具可操作和灵活性的中国环评有效性评估指标,为客观系统看待中国环评制度提供了思路,也为建立中国环评制度有效性跟踪评估机制提供参考,支撑环评制度改革优化。

Environmental impact assessment(EIA)system of China has attracted considerable attention and controversy.When judging a system,it is important to consider its effectiveness objectively.The effectiveness of EIA is reflected in the entire process of system construction,system implementation,and taking effects,with multidimensional meaning.Aming at sustainable development of economy,society and environment,an evaluation framework of China’s EIA system was explored and constructed based on the logic chain of"institutional basis→practical process→taking effects→social cognition",from four aspects of system effectiveness,procedural effectiveness,substantial effectiveness and cognitive effectiveness.Combined with the EIA system design and implementation mode of China,a set of scientific and applicable effectiveness evaluation indicators,with both practicality and flexibility,were proposed.These could provide ideas for objective and systematic assessment of China’s EIA system,as well as reference for the establishment of a mechanism for tracking evaluation of the effectiveness of China’s EIA system and for supporting its reform and optimization.