基于多指标的规划环评有效性分析——以产业园区为例

Effectiveness analysis of planning environmental impact assessment based on multiple indicators: taking industrial parks as an example

为更好地分析规划环评的有效性,以26个产业园区规划环评为例,基于4个维度构建指标体系,分析产业园区规划环评执行取得的实质性成效和不足。结果显示,产业园区规划环评在落实总量控制和绩效要求、落实产业准入限制、保护和避让环境敏感区域等方面实质性成效显著,但在推动配套污水处理设施完备、协调人居环境安全风险、清洁生产和循环经济水平提升等方面仍有提升空间。不同园区级别上,国家级产业园区规划环评执行成效优于省级及以下园区;不同规划环评审查时期上,随着国家进一步加强产业园区规划环评工作指导和推动改革取得成效,“十三五”以来通过生态环境主管部门审查的产业园区规划环评取得实质性成效优于“十三五”之前。不同地区上,东部地区更加重视规划环评源头预防对高质量发展的引领作用,落实规划环评意见执行力较中西部地区强。基于问题导向,提出加强产业园区环境管理、加强规划环评跟踪监管以及推动多部门共同参与规划环评编制和落实等方面建议。

To better improve the effectiveness of the planning environmental impact assessment(PEIA), twenty-six cases of industrial park PEIA were selected as examples to construct an indicator system to analyze the implementation achievements and inadequacies of industrial park PEIA. The indicator system included four dimensions and 14 indexes, with the four dimensions being promoting improvement of regional environmental quality, optimizing spatial layout, preventing and eliminating of environmental risks and promoting high-level development of the park. The results showed that PEIA of industrial parks had achieved remarkable substantive effectiveness results in implementation of total amount control and performance requirements, implementation of industrial admittance restrictions, protection and avoidance of environmental sensitive areas, and implementation of tracking and supervision plans. However, there still remained inadequacy in complete supporting sewage treatment facilities, coordination of residential environment and security risks, cleaner production and circular economy development. In terms of park levels, the implementation effects of PEIA of national industrial parks were better than that of industrial parks at provincial level and below, and as to time periods, the industrial parks passing examination during or after the 13th Five-year Plan period were better than before, with the strengthening of the guidance and reform promotion of industrial park planning EIA at the national level. In terms of regions, the eastern region had a strong economic foundation and early implementation of EIA, paid more attention to the role of PEIA as a preventive tool in promoting high-quality development, and thus was more capable than the other regions to implement and enforce the recommendations of PEIA. Based on problem orientation, some suggestions were proposed including enhancing industrial park environmental management, strengthening PEIA tracking and supervision, and promoting the joint participation of multi-departments in the preparation and implementation of PEIA. These proposals could provide references for the management departments to strengthen management of industrial park PEIA and promote the implementation of PEIA outcomes.