我国的政策分类和政策环评主要对象探讨

Discussion on China’s policy classification and main objects of policy strategic environmental assessment

对于我国的政策,在广义上可分别从层次和形式的角度进行分类。基于政策分类,我国的政策环评对象在类别上主要是具体政策中的经济政策,在层级上主要是国务院有关部门和县级以上人民政府制定的政策,在性质上是对环境有重大影响的重大政策。再综合考虑现有法规对各类政策在制定程序中的环境影响评估要求,认为应将经济政策中的规范性文件作为政策环评重点对象,将技术标准作为技术政策的主要类型纳入政策环评。为了准确识别政策环评对象,我国还应建立规范的政策环评对象筛选机制。

In a broad sense, China’s policies can be classified from the two aspects of level and form. Based on the policy classification, the objects of China’s policy strategic environmental assessment(SEA) are mainly: 1) the economic policies which belong to the category of specific policy;2) the policies formulated by the relevant departments of the State Council and the governments at or above the county level;3) and the major policies that may result in significant environmental impacts. Considering the environmental impact assessment requirements of the existing laws and regulations in the formulation process of various policies, the normative documents in economic policies should be taken as the key objects of policy SEA, and the technical standards should be taken as the main type of technical policies and also be objects of policy SEA. In order to precisely identify the policy SEA objects, a normalized screening mechanism should be established.