推进政策环境评价的若干重点问题研究

Research on the key issues of promoting policy environmental assessment

政策环境评价是在政策制定前分析预测政策可能产生的环境影响,提出优化政策环境效益的制度工具。我国在《中华人民共和国环境保护法》等法律法规和文件中已有政策环境评价的相关规定和要求,但存在评价对象不统一、评价主体不明确、评价内容不一致等问题。通过开展经济技术政策生态环境影响评价、环境政策的经济评价、政策合法性审查、立法后评估、规划实施评估等工作,我国在政策环境评价方面积累了一定的经验,但还存在一些阻碍政策环境评价工作深入推进的因素。提出明确政策环境评价的主体是政策制定和实施部门,通过目录+筛查相结合的方法界定政策环境评价的对象,统筹政策环境评价与综合评价、事先评价与事后评估,鼓励政策制定部门主动开展政策环境评价等建议。

Policy environmental assessment is an institutional tool to analyze and predict the environmental impacts of proposed policies in advance and put forward necessary measures to optimize the environmental benefits of the policies. China already has provisions and requirements for policy environmental assessment in the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws, regulations and documents, but some problems are still existing, such as non-uniform evaluation objects, unclear evaluation targets and inconsistent evaluation contents. By carrying out the eco-environmental impact assessment of economic and technological policies, economic assessment of environmental policies, review of policy legitimacy, post-legislative assessment and planning implementation assessment, China has accumulated some experience in policy environmental assessment, but there are still some factors that hinder the further promotion of policy environmental assessment.Therefore, it was proposed that policy-making and implementation departments should be policy environmental assessment subjects, the objects of policy environmental assessment could be defined through the combination of classifying + screening process, the policy environmental assessment and comprehensive assessment, preassessment and post-assessment should be integrated, and policy-making and implementation departments should be encouraged to take the initiative to carry out policy environmental assessment.