生态空间优化与管控在城市规划环境影响评价中的应用研究

Research on the application of ecological space optimization and management in urban planning environmental impact assessment

科学划定生态空间并实施有效的空间管控,是落实“三线一单”环境管理机制过程中,规划环境影响评价的重要内容。结合城市规划制定在纲要形成、规划研究、规划编制、规划报批4个主要阶段,构建包括空间要素解析与基础方案形成、生态环境现状分析与空间协调性分析、规划实施对空间利用影响评价、空间优化调整建议及管控对策提出等主要任务在内的规划环评生态空间优化与管控主要技术流程,并应用于“上海市宝山区总体规划环境影响评价”。生态空间优化结果表明,通过纳入生态保护红线区和河道水网、新增生态节点和廊道等方式,宝山区优化调整后的生态空间总面积从65.74 km^(2)增至121.84 km^(2),占区域陆域面积的40.4%,达到《上海市城市总体规划(2016—2040年)》中“2040年宝山区生态用地占陆域面积40%”的要求。城市规划环评能够在城市规划生态空间的基础上,从生态环境重大问题、区域环境需求等方面进一步优化生态空间格局,提出具有针对性的管控措施,为我国新型城镇化推进和生态文明建设提供了有效手段。

In the implementation of the Three Lines One Permit environmental management mechanism process,scientific delineation and effective management of ecological space is an essential part of planning environmental impact assessment(PEIA).Based on the four main stages of urban planning(i.e.outline formation,planning research,planning drafting,and planning approval),the main technical processes of ecological space optimization and management for PEIA were constructed,including the main tasks of spatial element analysis and basic scheme formation,analysis of the ecological environment and spatial coordination,evaluation of the impact of planning on spatial utilization,and recommendations for spatial optimization and management.The technical processes were also applied to the Environmental Impact Assessment of Shanghai Baoshan District Master Plan.The results showed that by incorporating ecological protection red lines and river networks as well as adding new ecological nodes and corridors,the total optimized ecological space in Baoshan District increased from 65.74 km^(2) to 121.84 km^(2),accounting for 40.4%of the regional land area,meeting the requirements of Shanghai Urban Master Plan(2016-2040),which proposed that by 2040,Baoshan District's ecological land would account for 40%of the land area.In conclusion,urban PEIA could further optimize the ecological spatial pattern in terms of major ecological environmental issues and regional environmental demands based on the ecological space of urban planning,and provide effective means to promote new urbanization and ecological civilization construction in China.