我国环境规制强度时空变化研究

Study on temporal and spatial changes of environmental regulation intensity in China

环境规制是实现环境质量改善的必然要求,是提升环境保护与经济发展协调性的重要手段,环境规制强度测算是后续展开相关研究的基础。选取9个环境规制强度测度指标,构建环境规制指标体系,采用因子分析方法测算环境规制强度,从时间趋势和空间格局2个方面展开分析。时间维度上,测算了全国层面2011—2019年环境规制强度,提取出规制效果、正式环境规制、环保意识3个公共因子,可以看出,正式环境规制因子和规制效果因子存在交叉变化现象,环保意识因子变动需要时间跨度较大,我国环境规制整体上处于稳定态势且具有轻微波动性。空间维度上,测算了我国30个省(区、市)的环境规制强度,并对其进行聚类分析,得到了环境规制强度等级,表明我国环境规制强度呈现东高西低的空间格局但区域差异性在缩小。最后,从减排投入与管控等正式环境规制与环境规制效果之间的滞后问题、东西部地区的不平衡性、非正式环境规制的重要性等方面展开分析,提出加大环境治理投入与落实、优化产业结构及重视公众环保意识培养是提高我国环境规制强度、促进区域均衡发展的重要措施。

Environmental regulation is an inevitable requirement to improve environmental quality and an important means to enhance the coordination between environmental protection and economic development.The calculation of the intensity of environmental regulation is the basis for subsequent related research.Nine environmental regulation intensity measurement indicators were selected to construct the environmental regulation index system.The environmental regulation intensity was calculated by the factor analysis method.The analysis was carried out from two aspects of time trend and spatial pattern.In terms of time dimension,the intensity of environmental regulation at the national level from 2011 to 2019 was measured,and three public factors were extracted,including regulation effect,formal environmental regulation and environmental awareness.There were cross changes between formal environmental regulation factors and regulation effect factors.The change of environmental awareness factors needed a large time span,and China’s environmental regulation was stable and slightly fluctuated as a whole.In terms of spatial dimension,the environmental regulation intensity of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)in China was measured,and the level of environmental regulation intensity was obtained by cluster analysis.The environmental regulation intensity in China showed a spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west,but the regional difference was narrowing.Finally,the lag between formal environmental regulation and environmental regulation effect,such as emission-reduction investment and control,the imbalance between eastern and western regions,and the importance of informal environmental regulation were analyzed.Some suggestions were proposed,including increasing investment and implementation of environmental governance,optimizing industrial structure and paying attention to the cultivation of public environmental awareness,to improve the intensity of environmental regulation and promote balanced regional development.