沙特阿拉伯贝都因人的定居及社会转型研究

The Research of Bedouin Settlement and Social Transformation in Saudi Arabia

作为阿拉伯半岛的重要族群,贝都因人的定居安置问题对于整个沙特阿拉伯国家的发展影响巨大。沙特家族从1912年开始采取诸多政策与举措致力于推进贝都因人的定居,从希吉拉的建立、定居工程的开展再到五年计划的实施,贝都因部落内部发生众多变革,贝都因人逐渐融入沙特社会,有利于沙特阿拉伯国家的稳定与统一,并推动国家的现代化进程。尽管在现代转型中沙特阿拉伯贝都因部落的“壳”已被打碎,但其长时期存在的部落历史积淀沉重而顽固,沙特阿拉伯贝都因部落所面临的问题实际上是游牧部落的现代化问题,如何正确处理传统与现代之间的矛盾以及贝都因社会转型后与当代沙特社会的兼容问题成为沙特阿拉伯所面临的现实难题。

As an important ethnic group in the Arabian Peninsula,the settlement of Bedouin has a great impact on the development of the whole Saudi Arabia.Saudi family began to take a lot of policies and measures to promote settled Bedouin in 1912,from the establishment of the Hijra,the development of engineering settlement to the implementation of the five-year plan.Many changes took place within the Bedouin tribe,and Bedouin gradually integrated into the Saudi society,which was conducive to the stability and unity of Saudi Arabia and promoted the modernization process of the country.Although Saudi Arabia Bedouin tribes in the modern transformation of"shell"has been broken,but the existence of tribal history for a long period of heavy and stubborn.The Bedouin tribal problem in Saudi Arabia is faced by nomadic tribes modernization,how to deal with the contradiction between tradition and modernity and the problems of fusion left over after Bedouin social transformation have become practical difficulties faced by Saudi Arabia.