公共就业服务能促进个体劳动参与吗?--来自CLDS的证据

Can Public Employment-aid Service Promote Individual Labor Participation:Evidences from CLDS

在实现充分高质量就业的目标下,公共就业服务能否以及如何在就业促进上发挥积极作用同时具有政策意涵和实践意义。本文利用CLDS2018数据探索了公共就业服务和劳动参与间的关系及其影响机制,发现公共就业服务的覆盖面偏低,职业介绍和技能培训是主流服务项目,在控制多重影响因素后发现公共就业服务与失业状态呈显著的负相关关系,获得公共就业服务的支持可以降低劳动者陷入失业风险的概率,同时女性、高中及以下学历、农村地区、持有本地户籍的劳动者更容易从公共就业服务中受益,借助倾向得分匹配法和工具变量法处理模型可能存在内生性问题后结论依旧稳健。中介效应检验显示,技能提升与社交网络拓展是重要的影响渠道,公共就业服务所带来的人力资本、社会资本的积累与提升会降低失业的可能性,因此本文提出“扩面+提质”的政策路径,在增强公共就业服务可及与可得的同时强化技能提升类服务的供给。

How does the public employment-aid services help to achieve the goal of full and high quality employment is a top priority for governments at all levels with both policy implications and practical significance in promoting employment by labor market.Using the data of 2018 CLDS and logit model,this paper explores the correlation and effects between public employment-aid services and the labor participation.The findings show that the public employment-aid services can only cover small part of labors and the main aid services are job introduction and working skill training.However it shows that public employment-aid service do have a significant negative correlation with unemployment by controlling multiple other influencing factors by reducing the risks of unemployment,while it has more benefits for those workers of female,from the rural,with lower education than the high school and below,and the local residents.The potential endogeneity of the model is controlled by propensity score matching method and instrumental variable method and the test shows that the findings are robust.Further mediating effect test shows that skill improvement and social network are the main two channels the public employment-aid services and they bring about the accumulation and promotion of human capital and social capital to help them away from the risks of unemployment.Therefore,this paper put forwards the according policy path in expanding the coverage and improving the quality of public employment-aid services to promote the supply of public employment-aid services by enhancing its availability and accessibility.