西兰花全资源营养成分分布特征及评价

Distribution Characteristics and Evaluation of Nutrients of Broccoli

本文以西兰花花球、茎、叶为原料,比较西兰花不同部位营养物质含量差异,研究各营养物质在不同部位的分布特征,并进行分析评价。结果表明:西兰花不同部位均含有丰富的还原糖、蛋白质等基础营养成分以及多酚、黄酮等功能成分,但各营养成分的含量存在一定的差异。西兰花花球中干基蛋白质含量为42.48 g/100 g、干基黄酮含量为3.35 mg/kg,显著(P<0.05)高于茎叶中的含量。西兰花茎中还原糖和多酚含量较高,分别为23.10 g/100 g和3.48 mg/g,显著高于西兰花花球和叶中的含量。矿质元素分析结果表明,西兰花不同部位钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、铜、锌7种元素的营养质量指数(Index of Nutrition Quality,INQ)值均大于1,是良好的矿质元素来源,其中西兰花叶中钙的含量为4 986 mg/kg,是花球中钙含量的10倍,镁、钠、铝、锰的含量是花球含量的4倍左右,矿质元素含量丰富。本研究可为西兰花的综合利用、提高西兰花废弃茎叶的利用率提供数据支撑。

In this paper,the flower bulb,stem and leaves of broccoli were used as raw materials to compare the content differences of nutrients in different parts of broccoli,study the distribution characteristics of each nutrient in different parts,and conduct analysis and evaluation.The results showed that different parts of broccoli were rich in basic nutrients such as reducing sugar and protein,as well as functional components such as polyphenols and flavonoids,but there were some differences in the content of nutrients.The dry-based protein content of 42.48 g/100 g and the dry-based flavonoid content of 3.35 mg/kg in broccoli flower bulb were significantly(P< 0.05) higher than that in stem and leaves.The reducing sugar and polyphenol contents in broccoli stem were higher,which were 23.10g/100 g and 3.48 mg/g,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in broccoli flower bulb and leaves.The results of mineral element analysis showed that the INQ values of 7 elements including calcium,magnesium,potassium,sodium,iron,copper and zinc in different parts of broccoli were all greater than 1,which was a good source of mineral elements.Among them,the content of calcium in broccoli leaves was 4 986 mg/kg.The content of magnesium,sodium,aluminum and manganese was about 4 times that of the content of flower bulb,and the content of mineral elements was rich.This study can provide data support and theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of broccoli and improving the utilization rate of discarded stems and leaves of broccoli.