基于Delphi-HACCP法的农村供水工程风险识别研究

Study on risk identification of rural water supply projects based on Delphi-HACCP Method

农村供水涉及广大农村居民的切身利益,是实现乡村振兴的基础条件之一。近20年的大规模农村供水工程的建设,显著提升了农村居民生活饮用水条件。但是由于我国自然地理条件、经济发展水平以及水资源禀赋区域差异性大,部分地区没有建立工程长效运行机制,农村供水工程风险抵御防范能力较弱,还存在农村供水保障程度不高等问题。文章利用Delphi-HACCP法从供水水源、取输水设施、水厂和配水管网等四个环节识别了供水能力不足等20项可能导致农村供水工程供水产生水量或水质方面问题的风险事件,并从工程自身、外部环境和管理等三方面分析了导致农村供水工程风险事件的原因,可为农村供水工程风险评估和风险应对提供技术支撑。

Rural water supply is related to the vital interests of rural residents and is one of the basic conditions of rural revitalization.Since 2000 China has invested significantly for improving rural drinking water safety nationwide as an important measure to alleviate poverty and promote rural development.However,due to water distribution and regional economic and social development status in China,the long-term operation mechanism of projects in some areas has been not established.The risk resistance and prevention ability of some rural water supply projects is weak and the guarantee level of rural water supply is still low.Delphi-HACCP Method was used to identify 20 risk events that may lead to water quantity or water quality problems in rural water supply projects from water supply source,water intake and transport facilities,water plants and water distribution pipeline network.The causes of risk events of rural water supply projects were analyzed from 3 aspects:internal factors,external environment factors and management factors,which can provide technical supports for risk assessment and risk response of rural water supply projects.