关于节水立法若干问题的思考--以北京市为例

Reflections on some issues of legislation on water-saving--Taking Beijing as an example

节水是缓解我国水资源供需矛盾的必然选择,节水立法则是推进节水相关制度措施法定化的基本途径。文章以北京市节水立法为例,分析了“取供用排”全过程系统节水的立法思路,讨论了临时用水管理、重点用水单位监督以及将处罚数额与损失或浪费的水量相关联的违法责任设置等具有创设性的制度设计。立法思路和相关制度设计对国家制定节约用水条例、地方完善节约用水立法以及推进《水法》《取水许可和水资源费征收管理条例》等修改具有借鉴和启示价值。

Water-saving is an inevitable choice to alleviate the gap between water supply and demand in China,and water-saving legislation is the basic way to promote the legalization of institutional measures on water-saving.Taking the water-saving legislation in Beijing as an example,this paper analyzes the legislative ideas of systematic water-saving in the whole process of water withdrawal,supply,using and discharge,and discusses the creative system design,such as temporary water use management,supervision of key water use units,and the illegal liability setting that associates the amount of punishment with the amount of lost or wasted water.The legislative ideas and relevant system design have reference and enlightenment value for the formulation of water-saving regulations by the central government,the improvement of local water-saving legislation,and the amendments of the Water Law and Regulations on Administration of Water Abstraction Licensing and Collection of Water Resources Charges.