跨界河流水权论

On water rights of trans-border rivers

跨界河流水资源历来是各流域国关注的焦点,也是国与国之间合作的重要领域。水权确定和分配是跨界河流管理与合作的核心和基础。文章回顾归纳了近100年来国际上跨界河流水权理论,并运用统计分析及系统科学等方法,按照分水原则、分水基数、生态流量等三个关键技术要素分析研判了涉及28个国家的跨界河流水权分配实践典型案例17例,发现目前跨界河流上下游国家水权理论及实践中存在上下游水权分配不均、上游生态水权被忽略等突出问题,进而研究提出一种空间均衡的跨界河流水权理论。

Trans-border water resources have always been a focus and an important area of cooperation of basin countries.The identification and allocation of water rights is the core and foundation of trans-border river management and cooperation.This paper reviews and summarizes the theories on water rights of trans-border rivers in the past 100 years,and analyses 17 typical cases of water rights allocation of trans-border rivers involving 28 countries according to three key technical elements of water separation principles,water distribution baseline and ecological flow,by using methods such as statistical analysis and systems science.It is found that there are outstanding problems such as uneven distribution of water rights among upstream and downstream countries,and neglecting ecological water rights of upstream countries in the current theories and practices.Based on this,a spatially balanced theory of water rights allocation of trans-border rivers is proposed.