重大传染病背景下民航飞行员压力源及心理状况分析

Analysis of the stressors and mental status of civil aviation pilots under the background of the major infectious disease

目的研究重大传染病背景下民航飞行员的压力源及心理状况。方法于2021年1至3月,使用整群抽样方法,抽取在役的143名民航飞行员作为研究对象,采用《自编情绪与压力源问卷》《中文版压力知觉量表》(CPSS)、《焦虑自评量表》(SAS)、《抑郁自评量表》(SDS)对航线飞行员群体进行调查,回收有效问卷136份,有效回收率为95.1%。计量资料符合正态分布用(x±s)表示,组间比较使用t检验和方差分析,相关性分析使用皮尔逊相关。不符合正态分布的数据使用中位数及四分位数[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))]表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。使用多元线性逐步回归分析压力感知的影响因素。用AMOS 23.0软件进行压力感知及各负面情绪结构方程模型的构建。结果疫情背景下飞行员的主要压力源为:收入可能减少的风险、感染新冠肺炎的风险、工作时的压力、升级进度可能变缓的风险。其中,第一副驾驶对于收入可能减少的担忧高于教员(P=0.009);第一副驾驶、航线机长对于升级进度可能变缓的担忧均高于教员(P<0.001、P=0.014)。飞行员被试压力感知均值高于中国常模(t=3.11,P=0.002)。其焦虑、抑郁标准分均值略高于非疫情下的中国常模标准分(t=7.00、4.08,均P<0.001)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,压力感知与家庭关系良好呈现负关联(t=-8.50,P=0.000),与升级进度变缓担忧、易感染新冠肺炎担忧、人际交往缺乏及收入减少担忧呈现正关联(t=3.31、3.86、2.88、2.06,均P<0.05)。压力感知与负面情绪呈正相关(均P<0.001)。结构方程模型结果显示,压力感知通过直接或间接的方式影响飞行员的负面情绪,其对焦虑、抑郁、疑病、恐惧、强迫、易怒标准化总效应分别为0.719、0.811、0.403、0.355、0.295和0.244。结论突发公共卫生事件会对飞行员的心理状况产生影响,应及时关注飞行员的压力源及心理状态,积极制定缓解压力的措施。

Objective To study the stressors and mental status of civil aviation pilots under the background of major infectious disease.Methods From January to March 2021,a cluster sampling method was used to select 143 airline pilots in service as the research objects.The self-made emotion and stress source questionnaire,Chinese version of stress perception scale(CPSS),self rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and self rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to investigate the airline pilot population.136 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 95.1%.The measurement data conform to the normal distribution and are expressed by(x±s).T-test and analysis of variance are used for comparison between groups,and Pearson correlation is used for correlation analysis.The data that do not conform to the normal distribution are expressed by the median and quartile[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))],and the non parametric test is used for the comparison between groups.Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of pressure perception.In addition,Amos 23.0 software was used to construct structural equation models of stress perception and negative emotions.Results Under the background of the epidemic,the main sources of stress for civil aviation pilots are:the risk of possible reduction in income,the risk of contracting COVID-19,the pressure at work,and the risk of possible slow progress of upgrading.Among them,the first co pilot was more worried about the possible reduction of income than the instructor(P=0.009);The first co pilot and the captain of the airline were more worried about the possible slowdown of the upgrade progress than the instructor(P<0.001,P=0.014).The mean pressure perception of pilots was higher than that of Chinese norm(t=3.11,P=0.002).The standard scores of anxiety and depression were slightly higher than the standard scores of the Chinese norm under the non epidemic situation(t=7.00,4.07,all P<0.001).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that stress perception was negatively correlated with good family relations(t=-8.50,P=0.000),and positively correlated with worries about slow progress of upgrading,COVID-19 infection,lack of interpersonal communication and income reduction(t=3.31、3.86、2.88、2.06,P<0.05).Pressure perception was positively correlated with negative emotion(all P<0.001).The results of structural equation model show that stress perception affects pilots'negative emotions directly or indirectly,and its standardized total effects on anxiety,depression,hypochondriac,fear,compulsion and irritability are 0.719,0.811,0.403,0.355,0.295 and 0.244 respectively.Conclusion Public health emergencies have an impact on the mental status of pilots.Should pay attention to the stressors and psychological conditions of pilots in time,and consider formulating measures to relieve the stress of pilots.