身体活动与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的定性循证研究

Qualitative evidence-based research on physical activity and overweight and obesity in preschool children

目的定性循证研究身体活动对学龄前儿童超重及肥胖的影响,减少学龄前儿童的肥胖风险。方法检索1998至2021年国内外公开发表的相关研究文献,采纳了2016年及之后的系统综述和相关指南,共有10项队列研究、3项系统综述和5项各国指南作为本次研究的主要证据。按照证据质量分级和推荐强度系统对身体活动与学龄前儿童超重肥胖进行综合评价。结果1项系统综述显示,应为学龄前儿童监护人提供身体活动指导;1项指南显示,家庭、幼儿园和社会应共同协作为孩子提供机会和鼓励,让他们参加适合他们年龄的、令人愉快的、丰富多彩的身体活动;7项队列研究、1项系统综述显示学龄前儿童应增加中等及以上强度的身体活动,同时3项指南显示,学龄前儿童全天内的中等及以上强度的身体活动应累计不少于60分钟;2项队列研究和1项系统综述显示,学龄前儿童应增加户外活动;1项队列研究、1项系统综述和1项指南显示,应通过增加身体活动和控制饮食热量,达到预防和治疗肥胖的目的。结论增加每日总身体活动、中等及以上强度身体活动和户外活动的时间,有助于减少发生肥胖的风险,超重肥胖学龄前儿童还应同时控制热量摄入;学龄前儿童的身体活动应形式多样,且符合其自身生长发育的特点;家庭、幼儿园和社会应共同协作为所有孩子提供身体活动的机会。

Objective Qualitative evidence-based research of the effects of physical activity on overweight and obesity in preschool children,and reducing the risk of obesity in preschool children.Methods The relevant research literatures published at home and abroad from 1998to 2021were searched,and the systematic reviews and relevant guidelines from 2016and later were adopted.A total of 10prospective cohort studies,3systematic reviews and 5national guidelines were used as the main evidence for this study.A comprehensive evaluation of physical activity and overweight and obesity in preschool children was performed according to the evidence quality grading and recommended intensity system.Results 1systematic review showed that the guardians of preschool children should be provided with physical activity guidance,and 1guide showed that families,kindergartens and society should work together to provide opportunities and encouragement for children to participate in age-appropriate,enjoyable and colorful physical activities;7cohort studies and 1systematic review showed that preschool children should increase physical activities of medium intensity and above,while 3guidelines showed that preschool children should accumulate physical activities of medium intensity and above for no less than 60minutes throughout the day;2cohort studies and 1systematic review showed that preschool children should increase outdoor activities;1cohort study,1systematic review and 1guideline showed that obesity should be prevented and treated by increasing physical activity and controlling dietary calories.Conclusion Increasing daily total physical activity,moderate and above intensity physical activity and time spent outdoors can help reduce the risk of obesity.Overweight and obese preschool children should also control their calorie intake.The physical activities of preschool children should be varied and conform to their own growth and development characteristics.Families,kindergartens and society should work together to provide opportunities for physical activity for all children.