濒危药用植物西藏秦艽群落特征研究

Study on the Community Characteristics of the Endangered Medicinal Plant Gentiana tibetica

为掌握色季拉山西藏秦艽植物资源的分布情况和群落结构特征,在色季拉山西藏秦艽集中分布地段进行了样地设置调查,记录其生境条件、物种组成及群落内植物的盖度、多度等信息,并对群落内的植物种组成、重要值特性、多样性指数、区系特征、生活型、种群频度以及各群落间相似性进行了分析。结果显示:色季拉山西藏秦艽主要分布在海拔3 100~4 100 m的范围内,生境以林地边缘为主,坡向多且分散,坡度较缓,坡位多为下坡位。调查群落内维管束植物共有132种,隶属39科95属,双子叶植物在物种组成上占据较大比例。在群落植物的重要值结果分析上,草本植物为调查群落内的优势植物,构成群落植物的主体。群落植物的物种多样性指数均以草本层为最高。群落植物在科、属和种的区系分布上共有10个分布类型和7个变型,绝大多数植物科、属和种分布类型集中在北温带分布和世界分布类型上。植物生活型以地面芽植物分布最多,共有42种,占总种数的31.81%,高位芽植物和一年生植物相对匮乏。群落间相似性分析结果,10个调查群落被划分为4个类群。结论:色季拉山西藏秦艽群落植物的组成以草本植物为主,在区系分布上有强烈温带性质,这与西藏秦艽生长和分布特性相一致。此次西藏秦艽的生境资源条件及群落结构特征的分析研究,可为其野生资源的保护和利用提供科学依据。

In order to grasp the distribution and community structure characteristics of the gentian plant resources in Sejila Mountain, Tibet, the sample plot setting survey was carried out in the concentrated distribution area of Sejila Mountain in Tibet, and the habitat conditions, species composition, and the coverage and abundance of plants in the community were recorded. The species composition, importance value characteristics, diversity index, floristic characteristics, life form, population frequency and similarity between communities were analyzed. The results showed that Tibet gentian in Sejila Mountain is mainly distributed in the range of 3 100~4 100 m above sea level. The habitat is mainly on the edge of woodland, with many and scattered slope aspects. The slope is gentle, and the slope is mostly downhill. There were 132 species of vascular plants in the surveyed community, belonging to 39 families and 95 genera. Dicotyledons accounted for a large proportion of species composition. In the analysis of the important values of the community plants, herbaceous plants are the dominant plants in the survey community and constitute the main body of the community plants. The species diversity index of the community plants was the highest in the herb layer. There are 10 distribution types and 7 variants in the floristic distribution of families, genera and species of community plants. Most plant families, genera and species distribution types are concentrated in the North Temperate Zone and the world distribution type. Among plant life types, ground bud plants were the most distribution pattern, with 42 species, accounting for 31.81% of the total species. High bud plants and annual plants were relatively scarce. The similarity analysis between communities showed that the 10 surveyed communities were divided into 4 groups. CONCLUSION: The plant composition of S. chinensis community in Sejila Mountain is dominated by herbs, and its floristic distribution has a strong temperate nature, which is consistent with the growth and distribution characteristics of S. chinensis in Tibet. The analysis and research of the habitat resource conditions and community structure characteristics of the Tibetan S.chinensis can provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of its wild resources.