新中国成立初期学生资助制度的历史回顾与评价

A Historical Review and Evaluation of the Student Financial Aid System in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China

中华人民共和国成立初期十七年间,中央人民政府开始探索符合自身国情的学生资助制度,形成了学生供给制、人民助学金制、学杂费减免制以及留学生公费制等多种类型。在社会主义教育方针的指引下,学生资助制度呈现出如下时代特征:资助对象的普及性——面向工农劳苦大众;资助范围的广泛性——涵盖各级各类学校;资助学段的全程性——贯穿正规教育全程。其时,学生资助制度的施行,不仅降低了工农劳动大众的文盲率,而且推动了全国教育事业的整体发展。然则,囿于时代的局限性,部分“剥削阶级”子女接受资助的权利受到限制。

In the seventeen years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the government began to explore a student financial aid system in line with the contemporary conditions, and formed various types of aids such as the student supply system, the people’s student aid system, the tuition and miscellaneous fee reduction and exemption system, and the public fee system for international students. Under the guidance of the socialist education policy, the student financial aid system presented the following characteristics of the times: the popularization of subsidized objects—open to the workers, farmers, and the mass laborers;the breadth of funding—covering all types of schools;the whole process of funding duration—throughout all levels of formal education. At that time, the implementation of the student financial aid system not only reduced the illiteracy rate among the workers and farmers, but also promoted the overall development of the national education. However, given the limitations of the times, the right of some children from the “bourgeoisie” class to receive financial assistance was restricted.