黄河中下游地区水资源利用效率时空分异特征

Temporal and spatial variations of water resources utilization efficiency in the middle and lower Reaches of the Yellow River

水资源短缺是阻碍黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的主要因素之一.基于非期望产出SBM-DEA模型和Malmquist-Luenberger(ML)指数分别刻画农业、工业、生活、生态4类用水效率的静态及动态趋势,并利用标准差椭圆、Gini系数揭示2003-2019年间黄河中下游地区水资源利用效率的空间特征.结果表明,农业和工业用水具有相对较高的效率;就动态特征而言,农业和生态用水效率整体呈上升趋势.生活和生态用水效率具有较高的空间差异性;农业和工业用水效率具有较高的空间均衡性,但是随着时间推移,空间均衡程度波动下降,空间差异性凸显.

Water shortage is one of the main problems hindering the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.In this paper,water resources utilization efficiencies,covering agricultural,industrial,domestic and ecological water,are depicted based on the SBM-DEA model with undesirable output and Malmquist Luenberger(ML)index.The spatial and temporal characteristics of water resources utilization efficiency from 2003 to 2019 were revealed by using the standard deviation ellipse and Gini coefficient.Results show that agricultural and industrial water use are more efficient than domestic and ecological water use.In terms of dynamic change characteristics,agricultural and ecological water use efficiency are on the rise,and the efficiencies of industrial and domestic water use are on the decline overall.There is a high spatial difference among regions in domestic and ecological water use efficiencies.Agricultural and industrial water use efficiencies show a relatively high degree of spatial equilibrium.While the degree of spatial equilibrium decreases with time,and the spatial differences become prominent.